BUILDING MATERIALS

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BUILDING MATERIALS
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INDEX

• 1- Title..........................................
  ...
• 2-Index...........................................
  .
• 3-Building materials........................
• 4-Granulated materials....................
• 5-Binder materials...........................
• 6-Binder materials II........................
• 7-Concrete........................................
  
• 8-Concrete II....................................
• 9-Ceramic materials.........................
• 10-Ceramic materials II....................
• 11-Ceramic materials III...................
• 12-Other materials............................
• 13-Building of builds........................
• 14-Building of builds........................
• 15-
• 16-The end........................................
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BUILDING MATERIALS

• They are ones that we use in the building
  industry,like houses monuments, publics works...

• Granular materials
• Binder materials
• Concrete
• Ceramic materials
• Others

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GRANULATED MATERIALS

• Those ones that we obtain from the rocks. Rock is
  a very dense material so it gives a lot of
  protection

There are two types -Compact rorcks they are
blocks of granite, marble, limestone... -Desinteg
rated rocks they are blocks of rocks that can
have different size. We can diferenciated two
types -Clay their main property is that
they can absorb the water easily. -Rocks
made up of the disgregation of others rocks
(sand...).
GRANITE
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BINDER MATERIALS

• They are materials that we use to join differents
  materials to make a type of mixture called mortar.

The most important ones are
LIME we obtain it heating limestone rocks. We
use them to paint walls or to make bricks.
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BINDER MATERIALS II
PLASTER it is mineral dust that if we mixed with
water we can use to covert walls and roofs. There
are three types black plaster , white plaster
and one more thin. CEMENTThe most important use
of cement is the production of mortar and
concrete. The most common cement is the portlant
cements (made up with clay and limestone).
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CONCRETE
Concrete is a mixture of water, binder and
desintegrated rocks.
-Concrete is used more than any other man-made
material in the world. -There are many types of
concrete available, created by varying the
proportions of the main ingredients below
Mass concrete we obtain it of the mixture of
water, cement, sand and chippings. Cellular
concrete before the concrete set we add it some
chemical products that expel gases and form
bubbles. With this we improve the termic and
acustic insolation.
Mass concrete
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CONCRETE II

• Reinforced concrete
• -Reinforced concrete is concrete in which
  reinforcement bars or fibers have been
  incorporated to strengthen a material.
• -The first application of reinforced concrete as
  a material for the construction of buildings took
  place in 1864.
• -Concrete is reinforced to give it extra tensile
  strength without reinforcement, many concrete
  buildings would not have been possible.
• Cyclopean concrete
• -It is the mixture of cement, water and
  desegregated rocks of more than 30cm of diameter.
  We use them in walls.

Reinforced concrete
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CERAMIC MATERIALS

• The ceramic materials are pieces made up with
  moulded clay boiled in kilns.

The process of elaboration of ceramic materials
consists in two parts -Mixture and moulded
some machines mix clay with water, then they give
mass form and they pass them through different
types of nozzles. Finally they cut them in small
pieces. -Boiling in kilns the cuted materials
go through chambers with different temperatures.
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CERAMIC MATERIALS II

• The most common ceramic materials are
• -Brick
• He oldest shaped bricks found date
  back to 7,500 B.C.
• They are pieces of boiled clay with a
  prismatic shape and with holes.
• There are two types
• -Thin bricks the aspect and the
  colour is attractive. They have a good mechanic
  resistance and isolation properties.
• -Poor bricks they have less
  resistance we use them in walls and partition
  walls.

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CERAMIC MATERIALS III

• Texas boiled pieces of clay that we use in
  overcast and roofs.
• TilesTiles are generally used for covering
  roofs, floors, and walls, showers, or other
  objects such as tabletops. Their properties are
  impermeable and brightness.
• Gres it is a mixture of clay, quartz and
  feldspar we use them to elaborated ceramic pieces
  very resistance to the wear away.
• Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating
  raw materials, generally including clay in a kiln
  to temperatures between 1,200 C and 1,400 C.

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OTHER MATERIALS

• Metals the most common are
• -Steel we use it in supports in reinforced
  concrete, overcoast, piers...
• -Aluminium we use it to make up frames of doors,
  windows...
• -Cooper we use it in gas, water and heating
  installations.
• -Wood we use it less each time but it also a
  common material in roofs, doors, windows...
• -Plastics we use it in electrics materials,
  windows...
• -Glass we use it in windows, doors,
  decoration...

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BUILDING OF BUILDS

• The building of a build is a large and complex
  process and it uses a great variety of materials
  and the work of a lot of workers.

There are different steeps -Prepare the land
through some processes of demolish,
nivelation... -Foundation it is the
colocation of the elements that form the base of
the build. -Structure elevation in this
steep it builds the pillars and braced that form
the plants of the build. The majority of these
are form of reinforced concrete.
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BUILDING OF BUILDS II

• Water covering it consists of the colocation of
  the overcast in the build, it can variate
  depending of the clime of the zone. For example
  in places where it snows the overcast it would be
  more inclined.
• Paving colocation over the braced of each plant
  of the build it puts materials such as marble,
  wood...
• Upraising of wall in these steep it builds the
  walls and partition walls that close and divided
  the plants of the builds with the aim of isolate
  of the exterior. It is build up of bricks.
• Distribution of installations of water, gas,
  electricity, reception of television...
• Finish work in this steep the build is adequate
  to their functions.

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CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

• We use different machines in the buildings of
  builds
• -Digger we use it in the excavations and
  movements of the land.
• -After the nivelation of the land we compact the
  land with steamrollers.
• -The materials are transported with lorries.

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CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY II

• -In the construction the materials are elevated
  with crane that can have different elements
• Pylon a metallic structure in vertical
  position.
• Jib Crane a metallic structure in horizontal
  position that can turn 360º and it has different
  longitudes.
• Counterweight a structure in an extreme of
  the jib crane.
• -Cement mixer this machine carry out the made up
  of mortar and concrete.

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THE END
A work of....
CARLOS MORELL VARGAS
NICOLÁS IGLESIAS JARAMILLO
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