Listening

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Listening

• Chapter 3

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Listening A CHOICE

• Hearing comes naturally. We all HEAR.
• Listening is a learned social skill. You have to
  DECIDE to do it.
• Brainstorm
• 1 time when you were hearing someone but not
  listening to them
• 1 time when you forced yourself to actually
  listen even though you really didnt want to
• 1 time when someone called you out on not
  listening to him or her

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The Listening Process 5 Steps

• 1 Hearingyou select some sounds to focus on and
  tune out others.
• 2 Interpretingyou decode the signals and
  understand the sensory input (making sense of
  what you hear based on what you already know)
  Fact you can process almost 3 times more words
  per minute than people speak.
• 3 Evaluatingyou judge the worth or importance
  of something (figuring out the speakers intent
  based on fact opinion).

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The Listening Process 5 Steps (Cont.)

• 4 RememberingNOT objective. You remember what
  you understood based on what you perceived from
  what was said.
• 5 Respondingyou react to the speaker by sending
  cues. The listener sends feedback to the speaker
  to clarify what was heard or to take part in the
  conversation.
• PRACTICEtake 5 minutes to tell your neighbor
  what you did this weekend. When it is your turn
  to listen, record your thought process for each
  of the 5 steps of listening.

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Recipe for Listening 5 Ingredients

• It is important to listen for ALL 5 of the
  following elements when having a conversation
  with someone in order to fully understand him or
  her.
• 1 Informationfacts or instructions
• 2 Emotiondetermine what mindset the speaker
  has. Are they insecure or nervous?
• 3 Attitudedistinguish fact from opinion
• 4 Goals and Hidden Agendasthere may be messages
  that are not expressed directly
• 5 Thoughts, Ideas, and Opinionspay attention to
  omissions and nonverbal symbols, these will
  reveal opinions

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Interview Critique Picking out the Ingredients

• Information What is the interviewee telling
  you?
• Emotion Is he or she happy? Sad? Angry? Upset?
  WHY?
• Attitude What are the facts? What is his or her
  position?
• Goals and Hidden Agendas Is there a theme going
  on behind the words?
• Thoughts, Ideas, and Opinions What verbal and
  nonverbal symbols does the interviewee use to
  express him or herself?

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ACTIVITY Watch Interviews

• George W. Bush Kanye West
• Evaluate the interview for the 5 ingredients in
  the recipe for listening.

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Listening Barriers 4 Types

• 1 External Barriersenvironmental hindrances to
  listening
• Noisescan overpower message
• Other Stimuliother senses reacting to events
• Information Overloadwe tune out when there is
  too much coming at us
• 2 Listener Barrierspsychological blocks to
  effective listening
• Boredom Opinionatedness
• Laziness Prejudice
• Waiting to speak Lack of interest

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Listening Barriers 4 Types (Cont.)

• 3 Speaker Barriersobstacles to listening that
  originate with the speaker
• Appearance Credibilitybelievability
• Manner Message
• Power
• 4 Cultural Barrierslearned responses that
  predispose one to see things a particular way
• Prejudice Nonverbal communication
• Speaking style Accents
• Source credibility

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ACTIVITY Identifying Listener Barriers

• List 7 examples of situations when you have been
  affected by listener barriers (list examples from
  home, school, work, and social situations).
• Classify each situation as one or more of the six
  listener barriers.
• Boredom, laziness, waiting to speak,
  opinionatedness, prejudice, lack of interest
• Where did most listener barriers occur? Which
  types were most common?

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Types of Listening 3 Types

• 1 Active Listeninglistening for meaning
• 2 Informational Listeninglistening for content
  and attempting to identify the speakers purpose,
  main ideas, and supporting details
• 3 Critical Listeningexamining information or
  persuasive messages and drawing conclusions

SAY WHAT?!
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ACTIVITY!

• Brainstorm 2 different places or situations you
  may use or have used each type of listening.
• (2) Active Listening
• (2) Informational Listening
• (2) Critical Listening
• Be prepared to share at least one example with
  the class and justify why it is that type of
  listening. (HINT refer back to your definitions!)

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(1) Active Listening In-depth

• There are two types of active listening.
• 1 Emphatic Listening listening to discern
  another persons feelings and emotions
• You attempt to feel the speakers feelings and to
  share his or her mood.
• 2 Creative Listening receiving anothers ideas
  but using them to generate ones own creative
  ideas
• You use creative listening in brainstorming
  sessions by building off of others ideas.

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(1) Active Listening Process 5 Steps

• 1 Find and organize the speakers main ideas.
• Use logic!
• 2 Mentally summarize what the speaker is saying.
• Put a message into your own words!
• 3 Echo the speakers meaning.
• Repeat what you think you heard!
• 4 Echo the speakers expressed or implied
  feelings
• Watch your perceptions!
• 5 Ask questions to receive further
  clarification.
• Show interest and support!

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(1) ACTIVITY! Active listening in tough
conversations

• Role-Play
• Speaker
• BE DIFFICULT! BE A PAIN!
• Listener
• Attempt to actively listen and empathize/sympathiz
  e with the speaker.
• Pay attention to emotions and ideas.
• Observers
• Is the active listener being successful in
  picking up on the emotions and concerns of the
  speaker?

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(2) Informational Listening In-depth

• When informational listening is important
• Classroom settings
• Work training sessions
• Receiving directions
• Traveling
• Interviews
• How to improve understanding when practicing
  informational listening
• Take good notes!

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(2) Informational Listening ACTIVITY

• When your informational listening skills FAIL
  you
• Brainstorm at least 3 times in your life when you
  have failed in the informational listening
  department. What did you do to fix it?
• Turn Talk share your fails with your neighbor
  and compare your situations.

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(3) Critical Listening In-depth

• Pay attention to the following 5 areas when
  listening critically
• 1 Source Credibility who is speaking, and how
  believable is he or she?
• 2 Attitudeis the speaker respectful or
  condescending to the listener?
• 3 Speakers Goalwhy is the speaker trying to
  persuade me? Is he or she repeating anything?
• 4 ContentWhat is the main idea? What evidence
  is presented? Is the conclusion logical?
• 5 Reasoningare the ideas presented
  well-supported?

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(3) Critical Listening Faulty Reasoning

• Inductive Reasoning identifying facts and
  linking them together to support a specific
  conclusion
• Logical Fallacies false methods of reasoning

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(3) Critical Listening 7 Common Logical
Fallacies

• 1 Begging the Question speakers assume the
  truth or falsity of a statement without supplying
  proof.
• 2 Card Stacking speakers select only the
  evidence and arguments for the side that they
  support.
• 3 False Premises speakers begin with false
  assumptions that are assumed to be true.
• 4 Glittering Generalities speakers use vague or
  general words or phrases that express an attitude
  or idea that has popular support.

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(3) Critical Listening 7 Common Logical
Fallacies

• 5 False Generalizations speakers dont have
  enough evidence to support a broad conclusion, or
  they selectively leave out details and come to a
  quick conclusion.
• 6 Non Sequitur speakers assert something that
  doesnt follow logically or that deals with a
  completely different subject.
• 7 Testimonial speakers use an authority or a
  well-known person to endorse a particular subject
  or position to gain the listeners approval.

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ACTVITY! Research.

• Research one of the 7 common logical fallacies.
• In your presentation to the class you will
• present the definition (same or reworded)
• present at least one example that you found
• each person must talk at least once

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(3) Critical Listening 7 Propaganda Techniques

• Propaganda a form of persuasion that discourages
  listeners from making an independent choice by
  stating opinions as though they are accepted
  truths.

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(3) Critical Listening 7 Propaganda Techniques

• 1 Transfer makes an illogical connection
  between unrelated things
• 2 Bandwagon encourages listeners to join a
  group that favors a particular person, product,
  or idea because it is popular
• 3 Name Calling uses a negative term to refer to
  a group or an idea without providing evidence or
  proof
• 4 Loaded Words uses language that evokes
  strong feelings and attitudes in the listener to
  sway an argument

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(3) Critical Listening 7 Propaganda Techniques

• 5 Emotional Appeals assumes that the listener
  shares the emotional responses of the speaker
• 6 Stereotypes applies preconceived notions to a
  person based on his or her membership in a group
• 7 Either/Or poses arguments between two
  opposite choices, failing to take into account
  other possibilities