SMOKING AND TOBACCO USE

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SMOKING AND TOBACCO USE

• Senior Health - Bauberger

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Smoking Tobacco

• Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of
  disease, disability, and death in the U.S.
• When smoking tobacco 200 known poisons are
  inhaled into the lungs
• All forms of tobacco contain nicotine and cause
  cancer
• Like cocaine and marijuana, nicotine increases
  levels of neurotransmitter dopamine, giving
  feelings of reward and pleasure.
• Long-term brain changes induced by nicotine
  exposure result in addiction

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Some risks

• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness
• Lung diseases (chronic bronchitis and emphysema)
• Heart disease (strokes, heart attacks, aneurysms,
  etc)
• Lung, mouth, throat, bladder, pancreas and kidney
  cancer
• Dry skin and premature wrinkles

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Some side effects

• 12 lifetime smokers will die from their habit
• The mixture of nicotine carbon monoxide
  increase heart rate and blood pressure while
  narrowing and blocking blood vessels, straining
  the heart. (increasing risk of heart attacks and
  strokes)
• CO keeps oxygen from the muscles body tissue
• Men who smoke are 10 times more likely to die
  from lung cancer than non-smokers.
• A pack-a-day smoker breathes in a full cup of tar
  in a year.
• Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the
  risk of low birth weight, prematurity, and
  spontaneous abortion (fetal tobacco syndrome)

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Twin Study
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Chemicals in cigarettes

• Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals.
• Benzene from coal and petroleum, used as a
  solvent in fuel
• Formaldehyde highly poisonous, used to preserve
  dead bodies
• Ammonia Used as a flavoring in cigarettes, also
  used as household cleaner
• Acetone Fragrant volatile liquid, used as nail
  polish remover
• Tar 70 of the tar in cigarette smoke is
  deposited into the lungs
• Nicotine One of the most addictive substances
  known, a poisonous insecticide
• Carbon Monoxide (CO) Odorless, tasteless and
  poisonous gas, car exhaust fumes
• Arsenic Also used as rat poison
• Hydrogen Cyanide Also used as gas chamber
  poison

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Effects of Nicotine

• Nicotine stimulates the system
• Nicotine affects chemicals in the central nervous
  system which is why many smokers view smoking as
  stress relief when under pressure.
• The longer someone smokes, the more they depend
  on nicotine. As a result, quitting brings
  cravings withdrawal symptoms
• Cravings (3 -5 minutes each, and may be strong)
• Headaches, indigestion, nausea, diarrhea and sore
  throats
• Restlessness, insomnia, irritability, and
  sleeplessness
• Coughing
• Depression and anxiety 
• Increased appetite leading to weight gain
• Inability to concentrate

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The cost of smoking

• 6/pack of cigarettes
• 20 cigarettes/pack
• A pack/day smoker spends
• 42/week
• 182.50/month
• 2191.50/year

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The risk of death

• Smoking is responsible for about 1/5 deaths
  annually
• Approximately 49,000 of tobacco-related deaths
  are the result of secondhand smoke exposure
• Smoking cuts the life expectancy of the average
  smoker by 12 years.

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E cigs

• The electronic cigarette was introduced to the
  U.S. market in 2007 and offers the
  nicotine-addicted an alternative to smoking
  tobacco.
• Most "e-cigs" are similar enough in appearance to
  be mistaken for regular cigarettes, while some
  feature different designs, lights, etc.
• E-cigarettes don't contain tobacco.
• E-cigs contain a mechanism that heats up liquid
  nicotine, which turns into a vapor that smokers
  inhale and exhale, remaining odorless and
  smokeless
• Manufacturers and satisfied customers say that
  this nicotine vapor offers many advantages over
  traditional cigarette smoke. 
• Concern is rising
• Odorless cigarettes luring new (young) users?
• Unregulated by FDA because they do not contain
  tobacco?
• Side effects unknown, safety unknown?

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E cigs

• E-cigs contain just as much if not MORE nicotine
  than actual cigarette
• No testing has been done on the safety of
  inhaling straight nicotine at such high levels
• FDA regulation is in the works as more countries
  are banning e-cigs
• Effects of second-hand vapor are still unknown
• Be aware of clever marketing!

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Smokeless Tobacco

• Chewing tobacco
• Loose leaf Cured tobacco strips typically
  sweetened
• Plug Cured tobacco leaves pressed together and
  wrapped in a larger tobacco leaf
• Twist Cured tobacco leaves twisted together to
  resemble rope
• Snuff
• Moist Fermented tobacco processed, packaged in
  round cans, dip is placed between cheek or lip
  and gums
• Dry Processed into a powder, taken orally or
  inhaled through the nostrils
• Sachets Moist snuff packaged in pouches that
  resemble small tea bags, placed between cheek or
  teeth and gums

ALL FORMS CONTAIN NICOTINE, ALL FORMS CAN CAUSE
CANCER!!!
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Why try it?

• What makes people think dip or any smokeless
  tobacco is safer?
• Who is most likely to try it?

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Effects of Smokeless Tobacco

• Tooth abrasion Sand in smokeless tobacco
  scratches teeth wears away enamel
• Gum recession Constant irritation in the spot
  where tobacco is placed damages the tissue
  bone, gums begin to pull away from teeth bone
  erodes, loosening teeth
• Tooth decay Sugar in smokeless tobacco leads to
  decay of teeth and gums
• Tooth discoloration/ bad breath Teeth become
  stained, breath is perpetually bad, and the habit
  of spitting can be offensive.
• Nicotine dependence The amount of nicotine in a
  tobacco users blood is similar to that of a
  smoker, leading to increased heart rate and high
  blood pressure
• Unhealthy eating Use lessens the sense of taste
  smell, causing users to crave saltier sweeter
  foods
• Oral Cancer - appears as a white, smooth patch
  or a wrinkled patch of skin. increased risk of
  cancer in the oral cavity as well as the pharynx,
  larynx, and esophagus. All cancers can easily
  spread to rest of the body.

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Youth Tobacco Use

• Data collected in 2012 showed that 3.5 of
  people aged 12 older in the US used smokeless
  tobacco (9 mil. people)
• Use was higher in younger age groups
• gt5.5 of people aged 18 to 25 were current users
• 1 mil. people age 12 older started using in the
  year before the survey
• 46 of the new users were younger than 18 when
  they first used it
• CDCs 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey found
  that use among high school kids is even higher
  than for young adults
• 11 of male h.s. students
• 1.5 of female h.s. students had used

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Youth Tobacco Use

• Factors associated with youth tobacco use
• Examples set by parents
• Peer pressure
• Local lifestyles and fashions
• General attitudes toward authority
• Economic conditions
• Examples set by teachers and school staff
• Presence of gangs
• Use of illegal drugs and alcohol

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References

• http//www.quittobacco.com/facts/effects.htm
• http//www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugs-tobac
  co.aspx
• http//www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sh
  eets/smokeless/smokeless_facts/index.htm
• http//www.wrongdiagnosis.com/s/smoking/deaths.htm