Steam Heating System

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Steam Heating System

• DU-101-PP

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• PURPOSE
• The purpose of the Operations and Maintenance
  Training Program is to train Operations and
  Maintenance Technicians in the operation of the
  Duke University Chiller and Steam Systems.
• OBJECTIVES
• Trainees will demonstrate knowledge of
• Steam Heating System Components
• Steam Heating System Components Operation
• Steam Heating System Configuration
• Steam Heating System Controls and Instrumentation

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• PURPOSE
• The purpose of the Steam Heating System is to
  provide climate control for all East Campus, West
  Campus, and Duke Medical Center buildings.
• STEAM HEATING SYSTEM
• Boilers in the East Campus Steam Plant and the
  West Campus Steam Plant supply steam to the
  Underground Seat and Condensate Distribution
  System.
• The Control Room assures a steady supply of steam
  to all facilities, bringing boilers online as
  they are needed and taking boilers offline to
  accommodate pressure requirements and equipment
  maintenance.
• In the campus buildings, a Pressure Reduction
  Valve (PRV) Station reduces steam pressure to
  levels suitable for heating and other services.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• WHY STEAM?
• Steam is an efficient and easily controlled heat
  transfer medium.
• Heat from the boilers is stored in the steam
  until it is processed in the building air
  handlers.
• Steam transports energy from the boilers to any
  number of remote locations with minimal loss of
  energy.
• Both steam plants serve a common distribution
  system, which ensures a steady supply of steam to
  all facilities while boilers and other equipment
  are taken offline
• To provide access for maintenance without
  interrupting service
• To improve equipment life
• To enable the most efficient use of resources

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• HEAT TRANSFER PRINCIPLES
• Boilers raise water temperature enough above the
  boiling point to produce saturated steam.
• The temperature of latent heat in the saturated
  steam is maintained until the steam releases its
  latent heat into the coils of a heat exchanger.

LATENT HEAT
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• Heat naturally flows from a higher temperature
  level to a lower temperature level. This is known
  as heat transfer.
• The purpose of the distribution system is to
  convey steam from the boilers to the heat
  exchange with minimal loss of latent heat along
  the way.
• Pipe walls, condensate film, condensate drops,
  air film, scaling, and even the insulation on the
  outside of the pipe all cause some heat loss and
  condensation. To maintain necessary pressure, the
  boiler has to work harder.
• The effects of these factors on heat transfer can
  be minimized by
• Drip Leg Stations at regular intervals to remove
  condensate from the piping.
• Monitoring pressure.
• Regular maintenance to remove scale and other
  damage to the pipes.
• Conditioning feed water used in the boiler to
  ensure the steam generated in the boiler is as
  pure as possible.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• CONDENSATE RETURN PRINCIPLES
• Condensate is the byproduct of heat transfer in
  the Steam Heating System.
• Condensation forms in distribution piping and
  heating equipment.
• As condensation forms in the underground piping,
  it is separated from the steam in drip leg
  stations and returned to the plant where it will
  be used to preheat feed water.
• At a campus building, after steam has condensed
  and given up its valuable heat in the air
  handlers heat exchanger, the hot condensate is
  pumped back to the boiler before it can cool.
• The hot condensate is used to preheat feed water
  before it enters the boiler, which helps the
  boiler run efficiently.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• Why is condensate returned to the plant?
• For disposal
• To preheat feed water
• To fill the water towers
• To absorb steam

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• To preheat feed water

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• How does heat flow?
• Lower temperature to higher temperature
• Higher temperature to lower temperature
• Heat does not flow
• Downhill

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Higher temperature to lower temperature

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• How is saturated steam made?
• Water is heated enough above the boiling point to
  produce steam
• Water is heated to boiling
• Steam is mixed with hot water
• Steam is cooled slowly to remove water

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Water is heated enough above the boiling point to
  produce steam

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• PURPOSE
• The systems that make up the Steam Heating System
  work together to provide a reliable and and
  efficient heat source for the East and West
  Campuses and Medical Center.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• SYSTEMS
• The Duke University Steam Heating System includes
  the following equipment and locations
• High Pressure Steam System
• East Campus Steam Plant
• West Campus Steam Plant
• Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution
  System
• Steam from the East Campus Steam Plant and West
  Campus Steam Plant is fed into the Underground
  Steam and Condensate Distribution System
• Reaches all Duke University facilities
• Medium Pressure and Low Pressure Steam System
• Located inside all Campus and Medical Center
  buildings
• Converts high pressure steam to medium pressure
  steam for services and low pressure steam for
  heating.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• HIGH PRESSURE STEAM SYSTEM
• High Pressure Steam Headers are located in the
  East Campus Steam Plant and the West Campus Steam
  Plant.

EAST CAMPUS STEAM PLANT
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• HIGH PRESSURE STEAM HEADER
• Sensors at the HPS Header send data on the steam
  to the Control Room.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• EAST CAMPUS STEAM PLANT

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• WEST CAMPUS STEAM PLANT

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• Where are HPS Headers located?
• East Campus and West Campus Steam Plants
• All steam and chiller plants
• Campus and Medical Center buildings
• Chiller Plants 1 and 2

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• Answer
• East Campus and West Campus Steam Plants

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What is the nominal pressure of steam leaving the
  HPS Header?
• 75 psig
• Less than 16 psig
• 125 psig
• 170 psig

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• 125 psig

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• Which boilers in a Steam Plant supply the High
  Pressure Steam Header?
• All boilers all the time
• Each boiler has its own HPS Header
• All boilers that are on line
• All boilers that are offline

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• All boilers that are on line

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• UNDERGROUND STEAM AND CONDENSATE DISTRIBUTION
  SYSTEM
• PURPOSE
• The Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution
  System conveys high pressure saturated steam to
  buildings throughout the Duke University Campus
  and Medical Center
• The nominal steam pressure is 125 psig

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• UNDERGROUND STEAM AND CONDENSATE DISTRIBUTION
  SYSTEM
• COMPONENTS
• Underground Piping
• The majority of piping is buried.
• Steam Vaults (manholes provide access points and
  junctions for buried pipes.
• There are approximately 35 miles of underground
  piping.
• Three-pipe design
• High Pressure Steam (HPS) supply piping delivers
  steam to buildings.
• Pumped Condensate (PC) return piping conveys hot
  condensate drained from air handlers back to the
  plant.
• High Pressure Condensate (HPC) return piping
  sends condensate removed from the High Pressure
  Steam piping to the plant to be used as make-up
  feed water.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• COMPONENTS
• Tunnels provide access to piping that is not
  buried
• Tunnels are tall enough to allow personnel to
  walk upright
• Access is provided for maintenance of piping,
  valves, and instrumentation
• Valves are provided to isolate segments of the
  system

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• COMPONENTS
• Steam Vaults (Manholes)
• Steam Vaults are located at no more than 300-foot
  intervals in underground piping
• HPS Supply side of Steam Vault
• 36 inch manhole lid
• Drip Leg Station drains and cleans condensate
  from HPS Supply
• PC Return side of Steam Vault
• 24 inch manhole lid
• Sump pit provides drainage (with an electric sump
  pump, when gravity drainage is not adequate
• Junction(s)
• Steam Vaults can contain junctions to connect
  branches of piping
• HPS Supply and PC Return lines can be joined in a
  Steam Vault in various configurations
• Not all Steam Vaults contain junctions

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• COMPONENTS
• Drip Leg Stations
• Drip Pocket drains condensate from steam lines.
• Strainer removes dirt and particulates from
  condensate.
• Steam Entry Pits
• Located beneath each Campus and Medical Center
  building.
• HPS Supply enters from the Underground Steam and
  Condensate Distribution System.
• Steam pressure is reduced at the PRV Station.
• Condensate from air handlers drains by gravity
  into the sump in the Steam Entry Pit.
• Condensate in the sump pit is returned to the
  Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution
  System by the sump pump.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• PIPING
• Three Pipe System
• High Pressure Steam (HPS Supply)
• High Pressure Condensate (HPC Return)
• Pumped Condensate (PC Return)

DRIP LEG STATION
MANHOLE
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• THREE PIPE SYSTEM
• HPS Supply carries steam from the plant to Campus
  and Medical Center buildings.

DRIP LEG STATION
MANHOLE
HPS SUPPLY
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• THREE PIPE SYSTEM
• Condensate removed from HSP Supply at the Drip
  Leg Station is returned to the Steam Plant in the
  HPC Return piping.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• THREE PIPE SYSTEM
• Condensate from air handlers is pumped from
  buildings to the Steam Plant through the PC
  Return piping

PC RETURN
DRIP LEG STATION
MANHOLE
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What are the three pipes in the three pipe
  design?
• HPS Supply, HPC Return, PC Return
• HPS Return, HPC Supply, PC Return
• LPS Supply, HPS Supply, PC Return
• PC Supply, PRV Return, HPS Supply

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• 35 miles

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• Approximately how much piping is in the
  Underground Steam and Condensate Distribution
  System?
• 300 feet
• 50 miles
• 35 miles
• 900 yards

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• HPS Supply, HPC Return, PC Return

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What is carried in PC Return piping?
• Condensate from building
• Steam from Plant
• Condensate from Drip Leg Station
• LPS from PRV Station

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• HPS Supply, HPC Return, PC Return

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• TUNNELS
• Provide easy access to the Underground Steam and
  Condensate Distribution System to personnel
• Maintaining piping, valves, sensors, and controls
• Isolating segments of the system

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• UNDERGROUND PIPING
• The majority of piping is buried.
• Steam Vaults (manholes) provide access and
  junction points

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM VAULTS
• HPS supply side of the vault
• 36 inch Manhole provides access for maintenance
• Drip Leg Station drains and cleans condensate
  from HPS
• PC return side of the vault
• 24 inch Manhole provides access for maintenance
  of condensate return piping
• Sump pit provides drainage of condensate lost
  from the the system
• Junction
• HPS supply and PC return from various lines can
  come together in a steam vault

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STEAM HEATING STATION

• STEAM VAULT
• HPS Supply Side
• Drip Leg Station
• 36 inch Manhole for maintenance access

MANHOLE
HIGH PRESSURE STEAM
DRIP LEG STATION
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM
MANHOLE

• STEAM VAULT
• PC Return Side
• 24 inch manhole lid for maintenance access
• Sump with Pump

MAIN PC RETURN
SUMP PUMP
SUMP
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM VAULT
• Top View of Junction

HPS MANHOLE
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM VAULT DRIP LEG STATION
• Drip Pocket
• Strainer
• Steam Trap

HPS SUPPLY
ISOLATION VALVES
DRIP POCKET
TO HPC RETURN
BLOWDOWN TEST TEE
STRAINER
STEAM TRAP
BLOWDOWN DRAIN
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STEAM HEATING STATION

• STEAM VAULT DRIP LEG STATION
• Drip Pocket
• Condensate forming as steam cools can cause water
  hammer, erosion and scaling of pipe, and pipe and
  equipment failure
• Condensate drops out of the stream as steam
  passes over the drip pocket.

HPS SUPPLY
DRIP POCKET
CONDENSATE
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM VAULT DRIP LEG STATION
• Strainer
• Condensate from the drip pocket passes through
  the strainer
• Fine mesh screen collects dirt and particulates

DRIP POCKET
SCREEN
STRAINER
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM VAULT DRIP LEG STATION
• Stream Trap
• Air and CO2 separate from the condensate and
  collect in the inverted bucket.
• When the inverted bucket becomes buoyant, the
  bucket rises, triggers the valve above the
  bucket, and the gases vent out the top of the
  Steam Trap.

VALVE
INVERTED BUCKET
CONDENSATE FROM STRAINER
TO HPC RETURN
STEAM TRAP
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What does a Drip Leg do?
• Removes gases from HPS Supply
• Drains and cleans condensate from HPS Supply
• Pumps condensate from the Steam Pit Entry
• Detects leaks in underground piping

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Drains and cleans condensate from HPS Supply

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• The majority of piping is where?
• In tunnels
• Buried
• Overhead
• Underwater

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Buried

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• HPS supply is connected to HPS Return by what?
• PRV Station
• Junction
• Drip Leg Station
• Steam Vault

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Drip Leg Station

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What are Steam Vaults also known as?
• Steam Entry Pits
• Manholes
• Deaerators
• Steam Traps

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Manholes

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What does a Steam Trap do?
• Reduces steam pressure
• Captures steam for testing
• Removes air and CO2 from condensate
• Removes dirt and particles from steam

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Removes air and CO2 from condensate

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What does a Steam Vault do?
• Holds steam until it is needed
• Provides access to underground piping
• Serves as an entry point for HPS Supply into a
  building
• Removes steam from condensate lines

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Provides access to underground piping

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• LOW PRESSURE AND MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM SYSTEM
• Steam Pit Entry is the vault beneath each
  building where HPS Supply enters the building and
  PC Return leaves.
• The PRV Station in each building reduces high
  pressure steam (125 psig) to medium pressure
  steam\ (75 to 16 psig, and medium pressure steam
  to low pressure steam (less than 16 psig).
• Medium pressure steam is used for building
  services washing hot water, and other services).
• Low pressure steam is used by air handlers to
  heat the building.
• Condensate from the air handlers flows to the
  sump pit by gravity. The condensate pump sends
  condensate to the plan through the PC Return
  piping.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM PIT ENTRY
• Entry point for Buildings
• Maintenance access
• Drip Leg removes condensate
• Condensate Pump returns condensate to Steam Plant

DRIP LEG
CONDENSATE PUMP
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• PRV Station
• Reduces pressure in buildings in two stages
• HPS Supply to Medium Pressure Steam (MPS) for
  services
• MPS to Low Pressure Steam (LPS) for heating

MPS TO SERVICES
HPS FROM STEAM PLANT
LPS TO HEATING
PRV
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• PRV STATION
• PRV
• PRV uses adjustable spring and diaphragm design
  to reduce steam pressure.
• The PRVs in the first stage of the PRV Station
  reduce steam pressure from 125 psig (HPS) to 75
  to 16 psig (MPS)
• The PRVs in the second stage of the PRV Station
  reduce steam pressure from 75 to 16 psig to less
  than 16 psig (LPS).

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What does a PVR Station do?
• Reduces pressure so steam can be used for
  services and heating
• Pumps condensate from the air handlers
• Increases steam pressure so steam can reach the
  most remote air handlers
• Converts steam to hot condensate

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Reduces pressure so steam can be used for
  services and heating

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What is LPS used for?
• Reducing pressure from HPS Supply
• Heating
• Hot water
• Pumping condensate back to the plant

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Heating

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• Which of these is MPS used for?
• Reducing pressure from HPS Supply
• Heating
• Hot water
• Pumping condensate back to the plant

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Hot water

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What does a PRV do?
• Reduces voltage to the condensate pumps
• Reduces steam pressure
• Converts condensate to steam
• Removes air and CO2 from steam

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Reduces steam pressure

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM HEATING SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND PROCESS
  FLOW

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• HPS HEADERS, EAST AND WEST STEAM PLANTS
• Steam from boilers is regulated in HPS Header
• Header supplies HPS to Underground Steam and
  Condensate Distribution System
• Steam pressure exiting plant is 125 psig

HPS HEADER
UNDERGROUND PIPING
BOILERS
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM VAULT
• HPS steam enters Steam Vault
• Condensate drains into Drip Pocket
• Steam Trap removes air and CO2
• Strainer removes dirt and particulates

STEAM VAULT
DRIP LEG STATION
STEAM TRAP
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM ENTRY PIT
• HPS enters Campus and Medical Center buildings at
  Steam Entry Pit
• Drip Leg removes condensate

DRIP LEG
STEAM ENTRY PIT
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• PRV STATION
• HPS is reduced to MPS, 75 to 16 psig
• MPS is reduces to LPS, less than 16 psig
• LPS is sent to the building heating system

75-16 psig
gt 16 psig
PRV STATION
125 psig
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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• STEAM ENTRY PIT
• Condensate from heat heating goes to the
  Condensate Pump
• Condensate is returned to the Steam Plant

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What is the function of the Steam Pit Entry?
• Where HPS Supply enters a building
• Entrance to Steam Vault
• Contains the LPS Station
• Contains air handlers

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Where HPS Supply enters a building

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• Steam from boilers enters the distribution system
  where?
• PRV Station
• HPS Header
• Steam Pit Entry
• Steam Vault

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• HPS Header

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What is the pressure of low pressure steam?
• Below 16 psig
• 16 psig
• 75 psig
• 24 psig

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Below 16 psig

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• In what part does the Drip Leg Station collect
  condensate from HPS Supply?
• The Drip Leg Station does not collect condensate
• Steam Trap
• Strainer
• Drip Pocket

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Drip Pocket

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• What does the strainer do?
• Removes air and CO2 from condensate
• Removes LPS from HPS Supply
• Removes dirt and particulates from condensates
• Removes latent energy from HPS Supply

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Removes dirt and particulates from condensate

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• OPERATIONS MONITORING
• Operation of the Steam Heating System at Duke
  University is monitored through the Control Room,
  at West Campus Chilled Water Plant 2.
• The Digital Control System (DCS) provides
  operators with information on system operation
  and control over system parameters.

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• PLANT ROUNDS
• During an Operators routine shift, Rounds are
  accomplished to record key information and
  visually assess Steam Heating System operation,
  as well as other systems in the Steam Plants.
• Each Steam Plant has a Round Sheet to be filled
  out by the Operator.
• Each plant has different requirements for plant
  rounds.
• The information is recorded, not only for the
  current status, but also to record system trends.
  

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• WEST PLANT
• The following is recorded, during operator
  rounds, for the West Plant, at 0800, 1600, 2000,
  and 0400 hours
• Steam header PSI
• DA steam PSI/water temperature
• Steam flow, drum PSI, and gas/fuel Oil PSI to
  Boilers 1, 2, 3, 6
• Steam flow, drum PSI, fuel oil PSI to BLR, and
  atomizing steam for boilers 4 and 5
• City water PSI
• C/W booster pump online, and pump outlet PSI
• Softeners online
• FWP online, and discharge PSI
• Plaint air PSI
• Air storage tank PSI

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• WEST PLANT
• The following is recorded, during operator
  rounds, for the West Plant, at 0800, 1600, 2000,
  and 0400 hours
• Air compressor online, PSI, and temp
• Generator (volts/temp)
• Condensate pumps online, and discharge PSI
• Tunnel condensate pumps leaking
• Cond economizer rounds
• Fan status, pump online, water level, flue gas
  temp in/out, makeup temp to V01, makeup temp to
  HA-02, condensate temp leaving HA-01
• Glycol system
• Pump online, inlet/outlet PSI, glycol
  inlet/outlet temp, CHW inlet/outlet temp
• Chemical pumps rounds (day shift only)
• Softeners rounds (day shift only)
• Fuel oil/SPCC rounds day shift only

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• EAST PLANT
• The following is recorded, during operator
  rounds, once on dayshift, and once on nightshift
• Deaerators
• Pressure, steam temp, water temp, PC bypass
  closed
• Heating water pumps
• Suction/discharge PSI
• HP steam to DA
• Top/bottom PSI
• Steam letdown
• Top/bottom PSI, SF1 breaker on/off
• Rooftop
• Breakers
• Operating Floor
• Leak detector, NG/propane valve, HRS inlet/outlet
  water temp, HRS drain water temp, HRS soft water
  inlet/outlet PSI, blowoff tank outlet temp
• Rooftop

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• EAST PLANT
• The following is recorded, during operator
  rounds, once on dayshift, and once on nightshift
• Breakers
• Basement area
• Steam header PSI, city water inlet PSI, city
  water PSI after strainer, vacuum skid sight
  glass, pumps 5-8, booster pumps 1 and 2, HP drip
  station, fire water system, sump pump station,
  AHU-1 breaker
• Fan room
• SF-2-SF-4 breakers valves open, AHU-2 breakers
  valves open
• Outside building
• Condensate tank levels, natural gas piping,
  propane skid, vaporizer, emergency generator,
  propane unloading area
• Night Shift Only Softeners online, GMPs,
  polishers online, boiler 1-15, chemical pump,
  softeners, and brine tank

97
STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• EXAMPLE WEST PLANT ROUNDS SHEET (front and back)

98
STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• EXAMPLE EAST PLANT ROUNDS SHEET (front and back)

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• TYPICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STEAM
  HEATING SYSTEM
• Clogged Strainer
• Most likely cause is mesh strainer is full of
  debris.
• Failed Steam Trap
• Most likely cause is failure or clogging of vent.
• Flooding of Steam Vault or Steam Entry Pit
• Most likely cause is sump pump has failed or
  drain is clogged.
• Failed PRV
• Most likely cause is clogged valve, degraded
  diaphragm, or spring requires adjustment

100
STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• QUESTION
• Where does Operations Monitoring take place?
• Control Room in each steam plant
• Control Room in West Campus Steam Plant
• Control Room in Chiller Plant 2
• Control Room in Chiller Plant 1

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STEAM HEATING SYSTEM

• ANSWER
• Control Room in Chiller Plant 2