Chemistry Chapter 1

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ChemistryChapter 1 2

• Introduction to Chemistry Matter and Change

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• Chemistry study of matter and the changes it
  undergoes.

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• Organic chemistry chemistry of carbon
  compounds.

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• Inorganic chemistry chemistry of non-carbon
  compounds.

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• Physical chemistry defines chemical behavior
  mathematically.

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• Analytical chemistry identifying the
  composition of materials.

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• Biochemistry the chemistry in living organisms.

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• Mass the amount of matter in an object.
• Matter anything that has mass and takes up
  space (not energy).

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• substance (pure) has a fixed composition unlike
  a mixture (i.e. element or compound)

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• Physical property what a substance looks like.
  (color, size, shape)

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• Physical change change in physical appearance.
  (chop, cut, paint)

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• Change of state a physical change of a
  substance from one state to another. Requires the
  addition or removal of heat.
• Changes of State

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• Solid matter with definite shape and volume.

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• Liquid matter with indefinite shape and
  definite volume.

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• Gas matter with indefinite shape and volume.

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Molecule animation
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• Vapor gaseous form of a substance that is
  normally a liquid or solid at room temperature.

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• Plasma atoms lose their electrons at a high
  temperature.

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• Mixture a physical blend of two or more
  substances.

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• Heterogeneous mixture not uniform.

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• Homogeneous mixture uniform mixture

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• Solution a homogeneous mixture. (ex. Salt water
  or kool-aid)

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• phase part of a system with uniform composition
  and properties.
• Ex. Oil and water are
• in two phases
• Ice water has two
• phases

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• distillation physical method of separation
  involving boiling, then condensing vapor.

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• Atom smallest unit of an element.
• Element a pure substance made of only one kind
  of atom.
• Compound two or more elements that are
  chemically bonded.

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Mixtures vs Pure Substance
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• Chemical symbol
• represents an element
• 1 3 letters
• the first letter is capitalized
• Ex. Fe, Si (not SI!!!)

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• Chemical property a substances ability to
  undergo changes that transform it into different
  substances.
• Ex. Flammable, reacts with water, etc.

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• Chemical change (or chemical reaction) Change
  in which one or more substances are changed into
  new substances.

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• Reactants substances that react in a chemical
  change. Go on the left of a chemical equation.
• Products substances that are formed in a
  chemical change. Go on the right of a chemical
  equation.

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• Reactants ? Products
• 2Na Cl2 ? 2NaCl
• H2O ? H2 O2
• 2Na 2H2O ? 2NaOH H2
• 2K 2H2O ? 2KOH H2

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Indicators of a chemical change (5)

• Color change
• Odor change
• Production of a gas or a solid (precipitate)
• Energy change (heat, light, sound)
• Usually irreversible

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Law of conservation of mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed Mass
reactants mass products 2Na Cl2
2NaCl (10g reactants) (10g products)