ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer

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ANIMAL KINGDOMCollege BiologyBill Palmer
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Animal KingdomSome are Warm and Fuzzy!
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Animal KingdomSome are Mean and Scary!
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Animal Kingdom-Nine Phyla
PORIFERA SPONGE CNIDERIA JELLYFISH PLATYHELMINTHEA FLATWORM
NEMATODA ROUNDWORM MOLLUSCA CLAM, OYSTER, SQUID ANNELIDA FISHING WORM
ARTHROPODA GRASSHOPPER, CRAB ECHINODERMATA SEA STAR CHORDATA FISH, MAN
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Porifera
Cnidaria
Nematoda
Annelida
Echinodermata
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Chordata
(Phyla)
coelom
coelom
pseudocoel
deuterosomes
protosomes
body cavity
bilateral tissue symmetry
Radial symmetry
symmetry tissue
Tree for Classifying Animals
ancestral protist
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Characteristics of Animals

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Embryonic development
• Heterotrophic, ingestive
• No cell walls
• Mobile
• Tissues

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Classification

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
• RememberThere may be sub-groups and supra-groups

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Phylum Porifera The Sponges

• No organs
• Conglomerate of cells
• Sexual Reproduction
• Asexual reproduction
• Budding

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Phylum Porifera The Sponges

• Most Marine
• Some Fresh water
• (Grantia)

Grantia freshwater
Marine
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osculum
Anatomy of Typical Sponge
Inner cells with flagellae create currents
The currents cause water flow into pores and out
the osculum at top.
Spicules strengthen the walls.
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Cnidaria (The Stingers)
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Phylum Cnidaria

• Examples Jelly fish, corals, anemones
• Stinging Cells (cnidocytes)
• harpoons
• 2 stages
• Polyp
• Medusa

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Phylum Cnidaria

• Most are Marine
• Some Fresh water
• Look for freshwater jellyfish in fall in large MO
  reservoirs

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MEDUSA
TWO FORMS
mesoglea
gastrovascular cavity
tentacles
mouth
tentacles
mouth
gastrovascular cavity
mesoglea
POLYP
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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms

• Examples Flukes, Planaria, Tapeworms
• Organs present
• No system of blood circulation
• Parasitic (tapeworms, flukes)
• Free-living
• (planaria)

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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flukes
Human Liver Fluke
This species affects humans and destroys the
liver.
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Phylum Platyhelminthes Tapeworms
Human Tapeworm A parasite
Head or Scolex
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Body Plan of Flatworm Dugesia

• Nervous System
• Head region
• Primitive Eyes
• Reproduction
• Sexual
• Asexual

Planaria
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Porifera
Cnidaria
Nematoda
Annelida
Echinodermata
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Chordata
(Phyla)
coelom
coelom
pseudocoel
deuterosomes
protosomes
body cavity
Complete digestive tract
bilateral tissue symmetry
Radial symmetry
symmetry tissue
Tree for Classifying Animals
ancestral protist
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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

• Examples Hookworm, Round worms,
• Guinea worm
• Organs Present
• Complete digestive tract
• Roles
• pests for farmers
• human parasites
• trichinosis and hookworm
• Sexual reproduction
• Free living
• Separate sexes

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Phylum Nematoda Hookworms
Adult Worm
Mouth with teeth
Hookworms enter humans through the soles of the
feet
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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Male
Female
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CAUTION!!

• Next slide is graphic

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Guinea worms-
(Serpent of Fire in Bible)?
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Phylum Mollusca

• Classes
• Gastropods (snails, slugs)
• Bivalves (oysters, clams, and mussels)
• Cephalopods (octopus, squid, and nautilus)
• Mantle tissue
• Secretes shells

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Mollusca
Cephalapoda
Gastropod
Bivalves
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Mollusca-Giant Squid
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Phylum Annelida Segmented Worms

• Examples earthworms, leeches
• Body segmentation
• Reproduction
• Hermaphroditic (1 organism is male and female)

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intestine
dorsal blood vessel
brain
No lungs
hearts
mouth
coelomic space
muscular walls between segments
anus
pairs of bristles
Anatomy of Earthworm
segments
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Arthropoda (The jointed)
Crab with recently shed exoskeleton
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Phylum Arthropoda Jointed appendages

• Exoskeleton
• carbohydrate
• protein
• Molting
• Limits?
• Appendages
• jointed

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Three Subphyla

• I. Uniramia (Insects)
• Three Segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
• II. Crustacea (shrimp, lobsters, crabs,
  barnacles)
• III. Chelicerata (Spiders,ticks,mites, horseshoe
  crabs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions)
• Chelicerae Appendages near mouth used in feeding
  and venom injection
• Pedipalps (feeding/ courting/prey handling)

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SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders)
True Bug Homoptera
Beetles Coleoptera
Flies Diptera
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SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders)
Grasshoppers Orthoptera
Bees, Wasps Hymenoptera
Butterflies Lepidoptera
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Insect
Centipede
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Barnacle
Lobster
Water flea (Daphnia)
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Horseshoe Crab
Spider (Tarantula)
Mite
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Echinodermata-The Spiny Ones
Sea Star (oldStarfish)
Sea Cucumber
Sea Anemone
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Phylum EchinodermataSpiny skin

• Examples starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber,
  sand dollar
• Water vascular system
• tube feet

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The Chordates
Urochordata
Cephalochordata
Vertebra
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Phylum Chordata

• Three Subphyla
• Cephalochordata
• Amphioxus (only representative)
• Urochordata
• Sea squirts
• Vertebrata

Amphioxus
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Cephalochordata Amphioxus
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Urochordata Sea squirts (Tunicate)
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Vertebrata Cheetah
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Vertebrates

1. Cartilaginous fish (shark, ray)
2. Bony fish (blue gill, salmon)
3. Amphibian (frog, salamander)
4. Reptile (snake, turtle, lizard)
5. Birds (ostrich, swallow)
6. Mammals (bear, human, duckbilled platypus)

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Vertebrate Evolution

• Cartilage to Bone
• Half of vertebrates are fish.
• sharks and rays cartilaginous
• Most are bony fish
• Transition to Land
• Amphibians First land vertebrates
• aquatic embryos and larvae
• adults need moist environments.

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Cartilaginous Fish Manta Ray
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Lobe-finned Coelacanth Ancestor of all land
vertebrates
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Bony Fish
Largemouth Bass
Rainbow Trout
Marlin
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Amphibians
Salamander
Frog
Toad
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Amphibian Life Cycle
mature frog
female
male
egg
fertilized egg
immature frog
sperm
developing embryo
tadpole
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Reptiles
Lizards
Snakes
Turtles
Alligators
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Vertebrate Evolution

• Birds and Reptiles
• Amniotic Egg
• Terrestrial development
• Internal Fertilization
• Dinosaurs to Birds
• Bone similarities
• Transitional fossil

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It has the teeth and claws of a dinosaur, but the
unmistakable feathers of a bird. The drawing at
right is an artists interpretation of the fossil
at left.
Archaeopteryx
a
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Common Bird Types
Duck
Bald Eagle
American Robin
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Common Bird Types
Sandpiper
Pheasant
Hummingbird
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Vertebrate Evolution

• Mammals
• Characteristics
• Mammary glands
• Near-constant internal temperature
• hair
• eggs that develop internally

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Vertebrate Evolution

• Reproduction in Mammals
• Monotremes
• Marsupials
• Placentals

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Monotremes Egg-laying mammals Duck-Billed
Platypus
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Marsupials Mature in pouch Kangaroo w/ Joey
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Marsupials Opossum is a common Missouri Marsupial
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Placental Nutrition from placenta Grizzly Bear
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SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS
Orca Cetacean
Bat Chiroptera
Lion Carnivore
Porcupine Rodent
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SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS
Gorilla Primate
Whitetail Deer Ungulate
Seal Pinnadea
Elephant Proboscidae
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Wrap up

• 1. What are the 9 major phyla we examined?
• 2. What are examples of the 9 major phyla?
• 3. What are the characteristics that place the
  organisms into those Phyla?
• 4. What is symmetry? Types?
• 5. What are examples of organisms with
  different types of symmetry?

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Wrap up

• 7. What are examples of organisms with
  different types of coeloms?
• 8. What are the 4 major characteristics of
  Chordata?
• 9. What are the 6 classes of Vertebrata?
• 10. What are the characteristics of the 6
  classes of Vertebrata?
• 11. What are the 3 types of mammals?
• (Define, describe, recognize and give
  examples?)

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THE END
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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs

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HOMEWORK

• Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs