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The Rise of the Middle Ages

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Title: The Rise of the Middle Ages


1
Tell me what you know about the Middle Ages
2
Periodization
Early Middle Ages 500 1000 High Middle Ages
1000 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500
3
The Early Middle Ages
4
Middle Ages, Medieval ages , Dark ages ?
  • Middle as in time between the end of the Roman
    Empire and ancient civilization and the rebirth
    (Renaissance) of progress/growth in Europe
  • Medieval is middle in Latin
  • Early Middle Ages is called the Dark Age because
    it was not a great time in Europe
  • Fall of Rome left vacuum filled by brutal
    warlords and barbarians
  • Much knowledge lost

5
Barbarians of the Dark Ages
  • Celts
  • Huns
  • Goths
  • Visigoths
  • Ostrogoths
  • Vandals
  • Burgundians
  • Britons and Picts
  • Anglo-Saxons
  • Jutes
  • Angles
  • Saxons
  • Franks

6
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7
Fact to know and remember
  • Europe is the continent having a Dark Age
  • Everyone else is not

8
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9
Britons
Huns
Celts
310 to 500 AD
Africa
10
Who and when are Arthur and Merlin?
  • No artifacts found
  • a half-forgotten Celtic deity that devolved into
    a personage ?
  • a Roman-British leader who fought against the
    invading Saxons ?
  • Castus, a Roman leader who led a group of
    Samatians near Hadrians Wall?
  • First appears in Welsh literature In a surviving
    early Welsh poem, The Gododdin (ca. AD 594)

400 to 500 AD?
11
Mosaic of King Arthur on floor of Otranto
Cathedral in Italy built in 500s AD
12
Arthur ?
13
Merlin ?
14
Valle Crucis Abbey near the town of Llangollen in
North Wales.  The present ruins date from around
the year 1200, but a monastic building has stood
on this spot since the early Dark Ages(300-400). 
15
Glastonbury Abbey- Avalon?
  • .

 
16
How about Druids?
  • priestly class in ancient Celtic Iron Age
    societies
  • Acted as priest, arbitrator, healer, scholar, and
    magistrate.
  • Polytheists and animists,
  • All instruction was communicated orally,
  • Believed in reincarnation
  • Worshiped in groves of oak trees
  • Gone/no mention after 100 AD
  • Samhain Halloween

Base-relief found at Atun of two Druids
17
Mabinogian
  • 1060 to 1200,
  • Collection of stories from Medieval Welsh
  • Rhiannon
  • Merlin/Taliesin
  • Evangeline Walton
  • The Chronicles
  • of Prydain by
  • LLyod Alexander
  • The Black Cauldron by Disney

18
The Rise of the Franks
  • Franks originally from a Germanic tribe that
    settled in Belgium and the Netherlands
  • Merovingian's (The Matrix)
  • Clovis
  • Carolingians-
  • Charles Martel
  • Pepin the Short
  • Charlemagne

19
Clovis
  • Cruel, merciless
  • United Franks by war
  • Excellent military leader
  • France gets name
  • from the Franks
  • Converted to Christianity
  • Ordered his people
  • to do so also
  • Sons divided the Kingdom

20
Carolingians 714 to 843 AD
  • Pepin the Short-
  • Crowned by Pope
  • The Pope wants to holds authority over Kings
  • Pepin wants Popes help to defeat invading
    Lombards from Germany
  • Pope agrees to crown Pepin
  • Pepin gave Land gained in Italy to Pope -Papal
    states
  • Charles Martel-
  • His Calvary defeated invading Moors near Tours in
    France
  • Halted the Islamic advance into Europe
  • Martel means Hammer in English

21
Charlemagne- 768 AD
  • Outstanding ruler with minimal formal education
  • Religious, practical, and intelligent
  • Good military skills- controlled Western Europe
  • Good at PR-claimed descent from Mary and Joseph
  • Drove Moors back across the Pyrenees
  • Goal-Renewal of the Roman Empire
  • Pope crowned him due to increasing mixture of
    secular and profane in government
  • Capital at Aix-la-Chapelle in Germany

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Frankish weapons
24
Charlemagnes rule
  • Government of checks
  • and balances
  • No direct taxes because his
  • holdings supported the State
  • Monastic schools for nobles and intelligent
  • lower classes
  • Libraries
  • Produced one standardized Bible
  • Encouraged people to convert

25
Frankish costume
26
The Frankish Empire declines
  • Charlemagnes son, Louis the Pious , was
  • no Charlemagne
  • Charlemagnes descendents fought each other
  • Kingdom broke up and splintered
  • Four groups of invaders
  • Viking (Scandinavia)
  • Slav (eastern Russia)
  • Magyar (Hungarians)
  • Muslim (Arabia and North Africa)

27
Magyars 800s AD
  • Resembled Attila the Hun because they were nomads
    and fierce so Franks called them the Hun
  • In WWII the Allies called Germany the Hun
  • Invaded the Frankish Empire from the East
  • Later settled down and eventually came to be the
    Kingdom of Hungary

28
The Vikings 8th to 9th centuries
29
Viking Weapons
30
Viking Jewelry
31
Where did the Vikings attack?
32
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33
Odin
Thor
34
Ride of the Valkyries
35
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36
The Varangian Guard
Vikings made it as far as Russia (Rus and Rurik)
and then to Constantinople where they became the
Emperors personal bodyguards. Fought Muslims for
the Emperor
37
Why did the Vikings go a-Viking and why did they
stop?
  • Medieval ages in Scandinavia were warmer than
    must of Europe
  • Increased population and resources
  • Then the Little Ice Age occurs in the 900s
  • Resources start to dwindle, people begin to
    starve
  • Increased conversions to Christianity
  • Rest of Europe becomes warmer, especially Britain

38
Society in the Middle Ages
39
Feudalism- system of loyalties and
protections during the Middle Ages.
  • King the Man
  • Lord-the Boss Man
  • Vassal- nobles who get land for supporting a Lord
    or a king
  • One could be a Lord and vassal at the same time
  • Fief or land grant-what the lord gives vassals in
    exchange for military support
  • Primogeniture- eldest son always inherits the
    Fief.
  • Freeman and artisans few in the Middle Ages
  • The Church- could be a vassal
  • Serfs-most of us (not the man)

40
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41
The Manorial System
  • As the Roman Empire crumbled, Emperors granted
    land to nobles in exchange for their loyalty.
  • These lands were called manors.
  • A manor becomes the land owned by a noble and
  • everything on it.
  • A typical manor consisted of a castle, small
    village, forestland and farmland.
  • Former landowners exchanged freedom for safety
    and became serfs that were owned by the Lord
    of the Manor

42
Serfs
  • Serfs would often have to work three or four days
    a week for the lord as rent for the land they
    farmed
  • They would spend the rest of their week growing
    crops to feed their families.
  • Some serfs worked as sharecroppers. A
    sharecropper would turn over most of what he
    grew in order to be able to live on the land

43
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44
Manors
  • An economic unit onto itself
  • Self sufficient
  • A third to a half of all produced goes to the
    Lord and King. Rest to the Manor's serfs
  • Subsistence or Barely sustainable life for serfs
  • Short, hard , sickly life

45
Duc de Berry Book of Hours
46
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47
Defense
  • Castles are Wood/Stone
  • Built to resist attack
  • Moats
  • Drawbridge
  • Keep
  • Window slits
  • Cold, dark, drafty, damp

48
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49
So how do enemies attack castles?
50
KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE
The Road to Knighthood
51
Soldiers
52
Knights
  • Years of training as page and squire
  • Knighthood ceremony
  • Coat of arms
  • Heavy armor-hoisted on to horse
  • Ideal- pious, fair, brave, loyal, gallant,
    respectful to
  • women of his class
  • Tournaments/jousts are war training

53
Chivalry A Code of Honor and Behavior
54
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55
The Church
56
The Petrine Succesion
  • You are Peter and
  • upon this rock I will build my Church
    Matt1618-19
  • Peter is allegedly the first bishop of Rome
  • The bishops of Rome eventually become the
    father of the Christian church
  • Continues so after the split with Eastern
    Orthodoxy
  • Early popes were trained in Roman civil
    bureaucracy and shaped the church that way

57
Characteristics of the Medieval Western or Roman
Catholic Church
  • Hierarchy
  • Pope
  • Curia or cabinet of cardinals-counselors
  • Archbishop
  • Bishop-Cathedra
  • Parish priest
  • Monasteries/Nunneries/Hermits
  • Sacraments
  • Baptism
  • Holy Eucharist
  • Confirmation
  • Penance
  • Holy orders
  • Matrimony
  • Extreme unction

58
Social mobility
  • Rigid, hierarchal society with rare exceptions
    which were in the Church
  • A slave became a pope
  • Allegedly a woman became a pope

59
  • John Anglicus was a ninth century Englishman. In
    853 A.D., he was unanimously elected pope.
  • While riding one day gave birth to a child.
  • The first written reference to Joan occurs in the
    thirteenth century
  • During the Reformation in the sixteenth century,
    the Catholic Church began to deny the existence
    of Pope Joan and the Gender checking chair.
  • Modern scholars have been unable to resolve the
    historicity of Pope Joan.

60
Monasticism
  • Lived by rules
  • Withdrawal from world
  • Prayer, fasting, self-denial and work
  • Saint Benedict and the Benedictine Rule
  • Religious communities with an abbot as head
  • Monasteries and convents preserved learning,
    copied books, maintained schools, encouraged art,
    reminded people that there was more than warfare,
    preserved the memory of Rome, were the only means
    of social welfare or help

61
A Medieval Monks Day
62
Nuns Then and Now
63
Monks then and now
64
The role of the Church
  • Missionaries St Patrick, St Augustine
  • Canterbury priests established cities and
    centers of learning
  • Political and Social power
  • Canon law
  • Excommunication
  • Interdict or The Big Whammy
  • Tithe
  • Power of life or Death eternally
  • Economic power-trade, hospitals, agriculture.
  • Grew in Wealth and therefore power
  • Eventually able to dictate to Kings and Lords

65
Why did they have such power?
  • Faith
  • Belief
  • Power to forgive or dam all that occurs on Earth
  • Lack of literacy. Minimal Bibles
  • Offered best security available at the time,
    eternity and sanctuary
  • Short brutal lives look forward to eternity and
    do not want to mess that up

66
Relics
67
Problems the Church faced
  • Corruption- with power and money comes temptation
  • Lay Investiture
  • Simony
  • Heresy
  • Luxury
  • No one expects
  • the Inquisition
  • Reform St Francis

68
How do you think the problems the Church faced
hurt or helped
  • The Church?
  • The King?
  • A serf?The Priests?

69
The End by Miz D
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