Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

• Communicable Diseases

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What are they?

• STDs are infections spread from person to person
  through sexual contact.
• STDs differ from other communicable disease in 2
  important ways
• 1. there are no vaccines (except for hep B)
• 2. your body can not build immunity to STDs

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What you should know about STDs

• Learning the facts about STDs will help you
  avoid them.
• 1. Most STDs are spread only through sexual
  contact
• 2. You cannot tell if someone has an STD by their
  appearance

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Things to Know about STDs

• 3. A person with an STD may have no symptoms
• 4. Many STDs can be treated, but early diagnosis
  is vital.
• 5. Because treatments for STDs vary, they must
  be accurately identified.
• 6. STDs can recur because the body does not
  build up immunity to them.

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• 7. STDs are serious diseases that can cause
  sterility, blindness, insanity, and death.

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Practicing Abstinence

• When you practice abstinence, you avoid the
  serious consequences of contracting an STD.
• The ONLY SURE way to avoid STDs is to practice
  abstinence from sexual activity.
• SAYING NO to sexual activity will be one of the
  most important health decisions you ever make.

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Show your commitment to abstinence by

• Practicing RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR
• CHOOSE YOUR FRIENDS CAREFULLY
• AVOID BEING ALONE WITH A DATE
• KNOW YOU LIMITS AND COMMUNICATE THEM WITH YOUR
  DATE BEFORE YOU GO OUT.
• SAY NO THROUGH YOUR WORDS AND ACTIONS
• SEEK ADVICE FROM PARENTS/TRUSTED ADULT

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Which scenarios show responsible behavior?

• Going out with a group of guys and girls together
• Hanging out with other people who dont share the
  same beliefs and values that you do
• Talking about situations that make you
  uncomfortable
• Wearing clothes that make you look older than you
  are

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Effective Communication

• Statements that someone might make to pressure
  you into sexual activity include
• If you really care about me, you would
• Everyone else is doing
• Sex can be safe
• HOW SHOULD YOU RESPOND?

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Responses

• If you really care for me, you would respect my
  decision.
• Abstinence is the only sure way to be safe.
• The only thing that matters to me is what I
  choose to do.

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Remember

• Most teens arent having sex
• One quarter of all new cases of STDs occur among
  15-19 year olds
• Each year, about 4 million teens contract STDs

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Common STDs

• See handout chart

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HIV/AIDS

• AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a
  deadly disease that interferes with the bodys
  natural ability to fight infection.
• The virus that causes AIDS is call HIV or human
  immunodeficiency virus.
• The only way to tell if a person has been
  infected with HIV is through a blood test.

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HIV/AIDS

• A person can be a carrier of HIV without having
  AIDS.
• A carrier is person who appears healthy but is
  infected with HIV and can pass it to others.
• A person can be a carrier for 10 or more years
  before starting to show symptoms of AIDS.

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How is HIV/AIDS spread?

• The primary way HIV is spread is through sexual
  contact with an infected person.
• AIDS is easily preventable through abstinence.

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What HIV/AIDS does to the body

• HIV attacks the immune system.
• A damaged immune system can no longer fight the
  pathogens that a healthy immune system would
  destroy.

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WHAT HAPPENS NEXT

• Shortly after being infected with HIV, some
  people have flu-like symptoms.
• These symptoms may disappear for months or years,
  to be followed by the onset of AIDS itself.
• A person with AIDS may have swollen lymph nodes,
  fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss, and fever.

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• To diagnose AIDS, doctors must determine whether
  the persons t-cell count is below normal.
• Another signal that AIDS has developed is the
  presence of opportunistic infections. An
  OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION is an infection that
  rarely occurs in healthy person. For example, a
  type of pneumonia that can eventually cause death.

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How HIV is spread

• HIV cannot survive in the air.
• It is passed from one person to another only in
  bodily fluids-including blood, semen, and vaginal
  secretions.

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HIV infection can occur in the following ways

• Unprotected sexual contact with an infected
  person
• Piercing the skin with a needle that was
  previously used by an infected person
• Passage of HIV during pregnancy
• Transfusions

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HIV is not spread by

• HIV is not spread through the air
• HIV not spread through closed mouth kissing
• Casual contact with an infected person (shaking
  hands)
• Mosquitoes that have bitten an infected person
• Sharing eating utensils
• Donating blood

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Testing

• Blood tests detect the presence of antibodies to
  HIV.
• Be Aware that it may take up to six months after
  infection for a blood test to detect antibodies.

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Treatment

• AZT is an antiviral medicine that slows the
  progress of HIV in the body.
• Newer treatment involves combining medicines
  called protease inhibitors and reverse
  transcriptase inhibitors have allowed many AIDS
  patients to live with their disease and keep it
  under control.

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Preventing the spread of HIV

• 1. Avoid sexual contact ABSTINENCE
• 2. Avoid drug use
• REMEMBER, HIV infection is still incurable and
  AIDS is FATAL.

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