Introduction to Kinesiology

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Introduction to Kinesiology Biomechanics
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Definitions

• Kinesiology
• Biomechanics

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Definitions

• Kinematics
• Kinetics

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Definitions

• Static Analysis
• Dynamics Analysis

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Definitions

• Anthropometrics

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Why study biomechanics?

• Biomechanist vs Applied Biomechanist
• Sports Performance
• Ergonomics
• Injury Prevention
• Improved Rehabilitation

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Ways to Solve Biomechanical Problems

• Qualitative vs Quantitative
• Scalar vs Vector Quantities

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Basic Structural Analysis

• Stress-Strain Curve
• Stress
• Strain
• Key Points on Curve
• Elastic Modulus
• Yield Point
• Plastic Region
• Elastic Region
• Residual Strain
• Failure
• Safety Factor
• Mechanical Energy

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Basic Structural Analysis

• Stress-Strain Curve
• Stress
• Strain
• Key Points on Curve
• Elastic Modulus
• Yield Point
• Plastic Region
• Elastic Region
• Residual Strain
• Failure
• Safety Factor
• Mechanical Energy

10
Basic Structural Analysis

• Stress-Strain Curve
• Stress
• Strain
• Key Points on Curve
• Elastic Modulus
• Yield Point
• Plastic Region
• Elastic Region
• Residual Strain
• Failure
• Safety Factor
• Mechanical Energy
• ½ stress strain
• Area under the curve

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Types of Materials

• Elastic
• Linear relationship between stress strain

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Types of Materials

• Viscoelastic
• Nearly all biologic tissues
• Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties
• Rate of Loading
• Hysteresis
• Creep

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Types of Materials

• Viscoelastic
• Nearly all biologic tissues
• Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties
• Rate of Loading
• Hysteresis
• Creep

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Types of Materials

• Viscoelastic
• Nearly all biologic tissues
• Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties
• Rate of Loading
• Hysteresis
• Creep

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Types of Materials

• Viscoelastic
• Nearly all biologic tissues
• Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties
• Rate of Loading
• Hysteresis
• Creep

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Material Characteristics

• Stiff
• Compliant
• Brittle

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Review Anatomical Terms

• Directional Terms
• Superior/Inferior
• Proximal/Distal
• Anterior/Posterior
• Medial/Lateral
• Superficial/Deep

• Movement Terms
• Flexion/Extension
• Abduction/Adduction
• Horizontal Abduction/Hor. Adduction
• Internal Rotation/External Rotation
• Radial Deviation/Ulnar Deviation
• Supination/Pronation
• Inversion/Eversion

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Reference Systems
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Reference Systems

• Why?
• Absolute vs Relative
• Absolute Reference Frame
• Segments intersect in joint center movement of
  segment is described with respect to that joint

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Reference Systems

• Why?
• Absolute vs Relative
• Absolute Reference Frame
• Relative Reference Frame
• Movement of segment described relative to
  adjacent segment

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Reference Systems

• Spatial Reference Frame
• Movement of body relative to ground
• Occurs in xyz directions

x
Up ()
Forward ()
z
Down (-)
Backward (-)
y
Left ()
Right (-)
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Reference Systems

• Cartesian Coordinate System
• Fixed reference point
• x,y and z coordinates

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Anatomical Planes Axes

• Plane of Motion
• 2 dimensional flat surface
• Axis
• point about which movement occurs
• perpendicular to the plane of movement
• Whole Body Planes and Axes
• Segmental Planes and Axes

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Anatomical Planes
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Planes of movement

• Sagittal
• left/right halves
• Perpendicular Axis - Frontal or Mediolateral

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Planes Axes

• Frontal Plane
• Anterior/posterior halves
• Axis - Anteroposterior or Sagittal

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Planes Axes

• Transverse Plane
• Upper/lower halves
• Axis - Longitudinal

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Other Planes and axes

• Diagonal or Oblique
• plane of movement
• perpendicular to the plane
• how to find