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1
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???????????, ??? ????
2
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3
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4
????????? ?????????? ????????
  • ????? ? ??
  • ????? L ?
  • ????? t ?

5
??????????? ?????????? ????????
  • ???????? v Lt-1 ?/?
  • ????????? a Lt-2 ?/?2
  • ???? F MLt-2 ?
    ????/?2
  • ???????? P ML-1t-2 ?? ?/?2

6
??????? ????????
  • ?? ?/?2
  • ?? ?2? ? 100 ?? 0,1 ??? 1 ???
  • ??, ???, ???, ??? - ?
  • ??? ? 10 ? ?2? ? 100.000 ?? ???
  • ???? 100 ?? ? 1 ?? ?2?
  • ??? ??? - 1
  • ?? Hg torr 133,3 ??

7
??????? ??????
????? Boyle-Mariott (1661-1676) ???????
Tconst PV const ??? P1/P2 V2/V1
8
??????? ??????
????? Charles (1787) ??????? Vconst P/T
const ??? P1/?2 T1/?2
9
??????? ??????
????? Gay-Lussac (1809) ??????? Pconst V/T
const ??? V1/V2 T1/?2
10
????? Boyle-Mariott ??? Tconst PV
const ????? Charles ??? Vconst
P/? const ????? Gay-Lussac ???
Pconst V/T const ?????? - ?????????
????????? ?????????? ???? PV/T const ???
PV mRT
11
??????????? ???????????
??? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????
?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????????
(????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????
?????-????????). ??????????? ???????????
????????????? ??????????? ????????, ???? ????????
???????? ? ??? ???????????? ? ??????????, ?
??????????? ?????. ???????? t????, ?? ?????
-268 ?????????? ???
31 ???????? -118 ?????? ?????
36 ???? -147
?????? 17
12
?????? ????
13
????????? ????
14
????????? ?????????
  • ??????? ? ???????????
  • ??????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????????
  • ????????????? ? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? (Zeolite)
  • ?????????? O2-flush 4 ??? ?? ????? ? ???????!

15
??????????? (?????????) ???????? - ????????,
??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ??????????? ?
??? ??????, ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ????
?????, ??????????????? ????? ?????.???????
?????????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ? ??
???????????? ???????, ??????? ?? ???? ???? () ?
????? ? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??????
PX X?P?????????? Dalton (1801)
???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????
???????? ???????????
16
????? Avogadro (1811, ???????????? ????????)
1 ???? (6?1023 ???????) ?????? ???? ???
?????????? t ? ? ???????? ?????????? ????? 22,4
? ???????? ????? (?/????) ???????? ????? ???
(?.?.) ????? 4
?????????? ??? 44 ???????? 32
?????? ????? 44 ????
28 ??????
131
17
???????? ????????? ?????
!
18
????????????????? ??????? ? ?????????
P F/S ? F PS
?????? ???????? ??????????
From Bowie E, Huffman LM The anesthesia
machine essentials for understanding, Madison,
Wis, 1985, Ohmeda, a Division of BOC Health Care
19
????????? ????????
20
????????? ???????
21
????????? ???????
22
????????? ???????
V ? Q(t)dt
23
????? Hagen-Poiseuille (1840) ? ????? Reynolds
(1883)
R???? ? 2000
24
???????????? ? ????????????????
???/????
??/??? ????
1,04 0,024 ????????
0,91 0,024 ??????
1,01
0,024 ?????????? ??? 0,88
0,023 ?????
5,02 0,140
25
??????? ?
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