(Copy the following 17.2 Class Notes chart on Portfolio p64)

1
(Copy the following 17.2 Class Notes chart on
Portfolio p64)

1. disunity in the South skip two lines
2. Copperheads skip one line
3. Lincolns response to Copperheads skip two
   lines
4. Confederacys conscription policy skip two
   lines
5. Unions conscription policy skip two lines
6. bounty skip one line
7. New York draft riots skip one line
8. food shortages skip one line
9. inflation skip one line
10. impact of the war on the Union economy skip two
    lines
11. examples of slave resistance skip two lines
12. effects of the Emancipation Proclamation

2
Lesson 17.2a The War at Home

• Today we will explain how the Civil War affected
  civilians.

3
Vocabulary

• Copperhead Northerner who wanted peace with the
  Confederacy instead of victory in the war
• civilian anyone who is not in the military
• conscription forced service in the military
• bounty cash bonus paid for enlisting
• inflation increase in prices due to a decrease
  in the value of money
• income tax a tax on earnings
• greenback paper money printed by the Union
  during the Civil War

4
Check for Understanding

• What are we going to do today?
• What is a civilian?
• What happens to prices during a period of
  inflation?

5
What is an income tax?

• An income tax is a tax on earnings, first adopted
  during the Civil War.

6
What was a greenback?

• A greenback was a form of paper currency issued
  by the federal government during the Civil War.

7
What We Already Know

• Public opinion remained divided in the North,
  where many people disapproved of Lincoln and the
  war.

8
What We Already Know

• The Northern economy was much more industrialized
  than the Confederacys economy.

9
What We Already Know

• Most of the fighting of the Civil War, and the
  worst of the destruction, would occur on Southern
  soil.

10
Disagreements About the War

• By 1863, many Southerners were growing weary of
  the war and its constant sacrifices.

11
Disagreements About the War

• Food riots had broken out in several Southern
  cities, including Richmond, the capital city.

12
Disagreements About the War

• Southern soldiers deserted the army in large
  numbers.
• By 1863, the Confederate army had shrunk by
  almost 40 due to casualties and desertion.

13
Disagreements About the War

• Southerners like Jefferson Davis believed the
  Constitution upheld the individual sovereignty
  and independence of states over that of any
  central government.

14
Disagreements About the War

• The Confederate states often fell into
  disagree-ment.
• The same principle of states rights that led
  them to break with the Union kept them from
  coordinat-ing their war effort.

15
Disagreements About the War

• Disagreements over the conduct of the war also
  arose in the North.
• Lincolns main opponents were the Copper-heads,
  Northern Democrats who favored peace with the
  South.

16
Disagreements About the War

• President Lincoln had protesters arrested and
  suspended the writ of habeas corpus, which
  prevents the government from holding citizens
  without a trial.

17
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
18
7. What did Southerners like Jefferson Davis
believe the Constitution said about the rights of
states?

1. The constitution upheld the individual
   sovereignty and independence of states.
2. States can secede from the Union, but only with
   Congressional approval.
3. The rights of states are based on the
   Constitution.
4. Under the Constitution, states may not secede
   from the Union under any circumstances.

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8. How did the Souths principle of states
rights undermine the Confederate war effort?

1. The South had few mines to provide natural
   resources that the Confederate war effort
   required.
2. Each state worked in its own interest, preventing
   the coordination of efforts.
3. Each state decided for itself how much of its
   mining wealth should be contributed to the
   government.
4. Several states seceded from the Confederacy
   itself.

20
What is a Copperhead?
Choose all that are true!
21
What is a Copperhead?

1. Political opponent of Abraham Lincoln
2. Southerner who favored peace with the North
   instead of victory in the war.
3. Political opponent of Jefferson Davis
4. Northerner who favored peace with the South
   instead of victory in the war.
5. Person who helped runaway slaves escape through
   to the Union lines

Choose all that are true!
22
9. How did President Lincoln deal with
Copperheads and war protests?

1. He had many war protestors arrested.
2. He tried to win them over to his viewpoint by
   using logic and persuasion.
3. He suspended habeas corpus, which prevents the
   government from holding citizens without a trial.
4. He exiled Copperheads and their families to the
   Confederacy.
5. He ordered the execution of several leading
   Copperheads.

23
The Draft Laws

• As the war dragged on and more soldiers were
  needed, the government passed conscription laws
  that required men to serve in the military.

24
The Draft Laws

• Both sides allowed wealthy men to hire
  substitutes to serve in their place.

25
The Draft Laws

• Confederate conscription laws required all men
  between 18 and 45 to enlist, with few exceptions.
  
• But planters who owned 20 or more slaves could
  avoid service in the Confederate army.
• Poor Southerners complained that it was a rich
  mans war but a poor mans fight.

26
The Draft Laws

• The Union government could afford to offer
  bounties to men who volunteered to serve, and
  fewer men needed to be drafted.

27
The Draft Laws

• Even so, the draft was extremely unpopular.
• New York City suffered four days of riots, during
  which rioters destroyed property, attacked people
  on the streets, and killed many African Americans.

28
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
29
Conscription is a law that required men to serve
in the military.
What is conscription?
30
What is a bounty?

• A bounty is a cash payment given by a government
  to volunteers who enlisted.

31
10. How did the draft laws in the North and South
differ?

1. Only the North required all men between 18 and 45
   to enlist, with few exceptions.
2. Only the Confederacy allowed draftees to hire
   substitutes to serve in their place.
3. The North offered volunteers a bounty of 300,
   which led to more volunteers.
4. The Union allowed very wealthy farmers to be
   exempt from military service.

32
Economic Effects of the War

• Food shortages were very common in the South,
  because so many farmers were away fighting in the
  army.
• Another reason for the shortages was that farmers
  insisted on planting cash crops like cotton
  instead of food crops.

33
Economic Effects of the War

• Southern civilians rioted over food shortages in
  several Confederate cities, including Richmond,
  the capital and broke into shops and stole food
  and other goods.
• Inflation made life harder for working people,
  with prices rising 9,000 percent.

34
Economic Effects of the War

• Overall, war production boosted industry and
  fueled the Northern economy.
• In the long term, manufacturing would begin to
  replace farming as the basis of the national
  economy.

35
Economic Effects of the War

• Early in the war, the Union established the first
  income tax and began issuing a new paper
  currency, known as greenbacks.

36
Economic Effects of the War

• The income tax helped the Union to pay for the
  war.

37
Economic Effects of the War

• The new currency helped the Northern economy by
  ensuring that people had money to spend.

38
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
39
Why did the South experience food shortages?

1. Too many farmers were away fighting in the army.
2. Food was being sent to the front to feed the
   army.
3. Farmers insisted on planting cash crops like
   cotton instead of food crops.
4. Slaves that could have produced food were drafted
   into the Confederate army.

Choose all that are true!
40
11. How did the war affect the economy in the
South and the North?

1. Slave resistance hurt the Southern economy.
2. Food shortages caused by the war were common in
   the South.
3. Inflation was much higher in the North than it
   was in the South.
4. War production boosted Southern industry.
5. Several Southern cities experienced food
   shortages, even riots.

Choose all that are true!
41
Resistance by Slaves

• With so many Southern men off to war, slaves
  often resisted by slowing their pace of work or
  stopping altogether.

42
Resistance by Slaves

• Acts of sabotage against crops and farm equipment
  were very common.

43
Resistance by Slaves

• A few slaves even rose up in rebellion against
  their owners.

44
Resistance by Slaves

• More commonly, though, slaves ran away from
  plantations to join the Union forces as they
  pushed farther into Confederate territory.

45
Resistance by Slaves

• After Lincoln issued the Emancipation
  Proclamation, even more slaves ran away from
  plantations, with as many as half a million
  having fled to Union lines by the end of the war.

46
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
47
Why did slave resistance grow as the war
progressed?

1. Slaves sometimes found soldiers discarded
   weapons to use.
2. More Southern men were away fighting, and their
   wives couldnt control the slaves.
3. As Union troops drew nearer, slaves grew bold
   enough to resist.
4. Confederate soldiers were removed from patrolling
   the plantations and sent to the front.
5. As food supplies dwindled, hungry slaves were
   less willing to submit to their masters.

Choose all that are true!
48
What was the least common form of slave
resistance?

1. Slowing down or stopping work
2. Breaking tools and farm equipment
3. Destroying crops
4. Rising up against their masters
5. Running away to the Union army

49
Lesson 17.2b Women and Prisoners of War

• Today we will describe how women aided the war
  effort and discuss the conditions endured by
  prisoners of war.

50
Vocabulary

• counterpart someone doing as you do, but on the
  other team or side
• exposure effects of being without protection
  from the weather
• dwarfed made to seem small by comparison

51
Check for Understanding

• What are we going to do today?
• Give an example of suffering from exposure.
• Name someone who dwarfs you.
• Who is Mr. Murrays counterpart?

52
What We Already Know

• Thousands of men, North and South, left their
  farms and offices to serve in the armed forces.

53
What We Already Know

• In the North, Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation
  led tens of thousands of African Americans to
  join the Union army.

54
What We Already Know

• Before the Civil War, few women worked outside
  their homes.

55
Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• With so many men away at war, women in both the
  North and the South assumed increased
  responsibilities.

56
Women Aid the War Effort

• Women plowed fields and ran farms and plantations.

Read aloud with me!
57
Women Aid the War Effort

• They also took over jobs in offices and factories
  that had previously been done only by men.

58
Women Aid the War Effort

• Other social changes came about because of the
  thousands of women who served on the front lines
  as volunteer workers and nurses.

59
Women Aid the War Effort

• Relief agencies put women to work washing
  clothes, gathering supplies, and cooking food for
  soldiers.

60
Women Aid the War Effort

• Battlefield nursing, which was once done only by
  men, became a respectable profession for many
  women during the Civil War.

61
Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• Women also played a key role as spies in both the
  North and the South.

62
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
63
12. What new roles were taken on by women during
the Civil War?

1. Nursing
2. Holding positions in the government
3. Cooking and laundering for soldiers
4. Working on farms and plantations
5. Working in offices and factories
6. Spying for the government

Choose the one that is NOT true!
64
Women Aid the War Effort

• Before the Civil War, most military nurses were
  men, like the poet Walt Whitman.

65
Women Aid the War Effort

• By the end of the war, around 3,000 nurses had
  worked under the leadership of Dorothea Dix in
  Union hospitals.

66
Women Aid the War Effort

• Trained as a schoolteacher, Clara Barton was
  working for the government when the Civil War
  began.
• She organized a relief agency to help with the
  war effort.
• While our soldiers stand and fight, she said,
  I can stand and feed and nurse them.
• She also made food for soldiers in camp and
  tended to the wounded and dying on the
  battlefield.

67
Women Aid the War Effort

• At Antietam, she held a doctors operating table
  steady as cannon shells burst all around them.
• The doctor called her the angel of the
  battlefield.
• After the war, Barton founded the
  American
  Red Cross.

68
Women Aid the War Effort

• Mary Ann Bickerdyke was a widow who made herbal
  medicine before the war.
• Her study of natural medicine, which stressed the
  benefits of clean water and cleanliness, is
  credited with saving more lives than all the army
  physicians.

• Bickerdyke volunteered to clean tents, set up
  field kitchens and operate army laundries. She
  brewed hot soups and prepared nutritious meals in
  field kitchens.

69
Women Aid the War Effort

• Known simply as Mother Bickerdyke, she followed
  the Union army and established more than 300
  field hospitals to assist sick and wounded
  soldiers.
• During battles, Mother Bickerdyke commonly
  risked her own life by searching for wounded
  soldiers on the battlefield.

70
Women Aid the War Effort

• Susie King Taylor was an African-American woman
  who wrote an account of her experiences as a
  volunteer with an African-American regiment.
• Married to a Negro soldier, she moved with her
  husband's regiment, serving as nurse and
  laundress, and teaching many of the black
  soldiers to read and write during their off-duty
  hours.

71
Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• Like their Northern counterparts, Southern women
  were also active as nurses and as volunteers on
  the front.

72
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
73
Which of the following women did NOT serve as a
Civil War nurse?

1. Clara Barton
2. Sarah Rosetta Wakeman
3. Mary Ann Bickerdyce
4. Susie King Taylor

74
What did Clara Barton do after the war?

1. Helped to found the American Red Cross
2. Organized the World Health Organization
3. Became a wealthy businesswoman
4. Was appointed Surgeon General by the president

75
Women Aid the War Effort

• Women also played a key role as spies in both the
  North and the South.

76
Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• Harriet Tubman served as a spy for Union forces
  along the coast of South Carolina.

77
Women Aid the War Effort

• The most famous Confederate spy was Belle Boyd.
• Although she was arrested six times, she
  continued her work through much of the war.
• After the war, Boyd became an actress in England,
  but in 1869, she returned to the United States
  and began touring the country giving dramatic
  lectures about her life as a Civil War spy.

78
Women Aid the War Effort

• A popular Washington widow and hostess when the
  Civil War began, Rose Greenhow used her feminine
  charms to pass along to Confederate officials
  information on the defenses of Washington and
  Union troop movements.

79
Women Aid the War Effort

• She is credited with providing General P.G.T.
  Beauregard with information resulting in the
  Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run in
  July 1861.

80
Women Aid the War Effort

• Both the Union and Confederate armies rejected
  the enlistment of women.
• Women who wanted to serve in the army disguised
  themselves as men and assumed masculine names.
• Because many of them successfully passed as men,
  it is impossible to know with any certainty how
  many women served in the Civil War.

81
Women Aid the War Effort

• But at least 135 women soldiers are known to have
  fought in the Civil War disguised as men,
  although estimates believe the figure to be
  closer to 400.
• Of these brave women fighting on both sides of
  the line was one named Sarah Rosetta Wakeman.

82
Women Aid the War Effort

• Wakeman served from April 1862 and fought in the
  Battle of Pleasant Hill in April 1864.
• She died from dysentery on later that year.
• Her true gender was not known until Wakeman's
  many letters home were discovered many years
  later by a relative.

83
Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!

• In some areas of the country, women formed Home
  Guards in order to protect the home front while
  the men and boys were gone.

84
Women Aid the War Effort

• Some of these groups consisted only of teenagers
  and young women, who practiced and drilled and
  made their own uniforms to look like those worn
  by male soldiers.

85
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
86
Which of the following women did NOT serve as a
Civil War spy?

1. Harriet Tubman
2. Belle Boyd
3. Mary Ann Bickerdyce
4. Rose Greenhow

87
Civil War Prison Camps

• Women caught spying were thrown into jail, but
  soldiers captured in battle suffered far more.

88
Civil War Prison Camps

• At prison camps in both the North and the South,
  prisoners of war faced terrible conditions.

89
Civil War Prison Camps

• One of the worst prison camps in the North was in
  Elmira, New York.
• In just one year, more than 24 percent of
  Elmiras 12,121 prisoners died of sickness and
  exposure to severe weather.

90
Civil War Prison Camps

• Conditions were also horrible in the South.
• The camp with the worst reputation was at
  Andersonville, Georgia.
• Built to hold 10,000 prisoners, at one point it
  housed 33,000.
• A staggering 13,700 men died within thirteen
  months at Andersonville.

91
Civil War Prison Camps

• Inmates had little shelter from the weather.
• Most slept in holes scratched in the dirt.
• Drinking water came from one tiny creek that also
  served as a sewer.

92
Civil War Prison Camps
Read aloud with me!

• As many as 100 men per day died at Andersonville
  from starvation, disease, and exposure.

93
Civil War Prison Camps

• People who saw the camps were shocked by the
  condition of the soldiers, comparing them to
  mummified corpses.

94
Civil War Prison Camps

• Around 50,000 men died in Civil War prison camps.
  But this number was dwarfed by the number of dead
  on the battlefronts and even more from disease in
  army camps.

95
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
96
What were two of the nations worst Civil War
prison camps?

1. Bradenton, Maryland
2. Elmira, New York
3. Andersonville, Georgia
4. Paducah, Kentucky
5. Evansville, Indiana

Be sure to choose TWO!
97
13. Why did so many soldiers suffer and die
behind enemy lines in places like Andersonville,
Georgia and Elmira, New York?

1. They were army headquarters, and as such were
   targets for spies.
2. They were sites of early battles in which black
   troops led the attack.
3. They were prisonerofwar camps, where soldiers
   suffered disease and starvation.
4. They were part of Lee's second invasion of the
   North.

98
Portfolio 17.2 Study Questions (p54)7.  What
did Southerners like Jefferson Davis believe the
Constitution said about the rights of
states?8.  How did the Souths principle of
states rights undermine the Confederate war
effort?9.  How did President Lincoln deal with
Copperheads and war protests? 10.  How did the
draft laws in the North and South
differ?11.  How did the war affect the economy
in the South and the North?12.  What new roles
did women take on during the war?13.  Why did so
many soldiers suffer and die behind enemy lines
in places like Andersonville, Georgia and Elmira,
New York?
99
(Copy the following 17.2 Class Notes chart on
Portfolio p)
New war-time roles for women Clara Barton
Mary Ann Bickerdyce Susie King Taylor
Harriet Tubman Belle Boyd Rose Greenhow
Sarah Rosetta Wakeman Andersonville, Georgia
Elmira, New York Causes of death for
prisoners of war
Skip two blank lines between each one!