Title: Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms
1Biologists use a classification system to group
organisms in part because organisms
- are going extinct.
- are very numerous and diverse.
- are too much alike.
- share too many derived characters.
1 2 3 4 5
2The study of organisms requires the use of
- only large, general categories of organisms.
- only small, specific categories of organisms.
- both large and small categories of organisms.
- no categories of organisms.
1 2 3 4 5
3Scientists assign each kind of organism a
universally accepted name in the system known as
- traditional classification.
- the three domains.
- binomial nomenclature.
- cladistics.
1 2 3 4 5
4For many species, there are often regional
differences in their
- common names.
- scientific names.
- taxa.
- binomial nomenclature.
1 2 3 4 5
5In taxonomy, a group at any level of organization
is referred to as a
- cladogram.
- binomial.
- taxon.
- system.
1 2 3 4 5
6Scientists have identified and named
- all living species.
- all living and extinct species.
- all extinct species.
- a fraction of all species.
1 2 3 4 5
7In the scientific version of a species name,
which of the terms is capitalized?
- the first term only
- the second term only
- both the first and second terms
- neither the first nor the second term
1 2 3 4 5
8Based on their names, you know that the baboons
Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT
belong to the same
- class.
- family.
- genus.
- species.
1 2 3 4 5
9How do binomial, or two-part, names compare with
early versions of scientific names?
- They are longer.
- They are shorter.
- They are completely descriptive.
- They are in English.
1 2 3 4 5
10The second part of a scientific name is unique to
each
- order in its class.
- family in its order.
- genus in its family.
- species in its genus.
1 2 3 4 5
11Often, the second part of a scientific name is
- a Latinized description of a particular trait.
- the same as for other members of the same genus.
- capitalized if it derives from a proper name.
- different in different locations.
1 2 3 4 5
12Before Linnaeus, scientific names were
problematic because they were
- too brief to be descriptive.
- very long and difficult to standardize.
- written only in Greek.
- written only in Latin.
1 2 3 4 5
13In Linnaeuss system of classification, how many
taxonomic categories were there?
- one
- three
- five
- seven
1 2 3 4 5
14A genus is composed of a number of related
- kingdoms.
- phyla.
- orders.
- species.
1 2 3 4 5
15Several different classes make up a
- kingdom.
- phylum.
- family.
- genus.
1 2 3 4 5
16Which two kingdoms did Linnaeus recognize?
- bacteria and animals
- plants and fungi
- plants and animals
- protists and animals
1 2 3 4 5
17Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair,
and produce milk for their young are grouped in
the class
- Amphibia.
- Mammalia.
- Aves.
- Reptilia.
1 2 3 4 5
18The most general and largest category in
Linnaeuss system is
- the phylum.
- the kingdom.
- the genus.
- the domain.
1 2 3 4 5
19Traditional classifications tended to take into
account primarily
- extinct organisms.
- RNA similarities.
- DNA similarities.
- general similarities in appearance.
1 2 3 4 5
20Sometimes, organisms that are not closely related
look similar because of
- convergent evolution.
- molecular clocks.
- mutations.
- reclassification.
1 2 3 4 5
21The procedure of grouping organisms based on
their evolutionary history is called
- traditional classification.
- binomial nomenclature.
- derived characters.
- evolutionary classification.
1 2 3 4 5
22In an evolutionary classification scheme, species
within one genus should
- be more similar to each other than they are to
other species. - not be similar in appearance.
- be limited to species that can interbreed.
- have identical genes.
1 2 3 4 5
23What kind of analysis focuses on the order in
which derived characters appeared in organisms?
- cladistic analysis
- traditional classification
- taxonomy
- anatomy
1 2 3 4 5
24In biology, an evolutionary innovation is also
referred to as a
- derived character.
- taxonomic group.
- molecular clock.
- physical similarity.
1 2 3 4 5
25What do scientists consider when they perform a
cladistic analysis?
- only the DNA of organisms
- all traits of organisms
- derived characters
- only physical similarities
1 2 3 4 5
26An analysis of derived characters is used to
generate a
- family tree based on external appearance.
- family tree based on DNA structure.
- cladogram.
- traditional classification system.
1 2 3 4 5
27What does a cladistic analysis show about
organisms?
- the relative importance of each derived character
- the order in which derived characters evolved
- the general fitness of the organisms analyzed
- all traits of each organism analyzed
1 2 3 4 5
28Similar genes are evidence of
- binomial nomenclature.
- mutations.
- common ancestry.
- different anatomy.
1 2 3 4 5
29What do all organisms have in common?
- They use DNA and RNA to pass on information.
- They are all prokaryotes.
- They are all eukaryotes.
- They are genetically identical.
1 2 3 4 5
30What is true about dissimilar organisms such as a
cow and a yeast?
- They are not related at all.
- Their degree of relatedness cannot be evaluated.
- Their degree of relatedness can be determined
from their genes. - They can interbreed and thus are the same species.
1 2 3 4 5
31Scientists have found that humans and yeasts
- have similar genes for the assembly of certain
proteins. - share all aspects of cellular structure.
- have nothing in common.
- cannot be evaluated for degree of relatedness.
1 2 3 4 5
32What does the presence of similar genes in very
dissimilar organisms imply?
- The genes were produced by different selection
pressures. - The organisms share a common ancestor.
- The organisms do not share a common ancestor.
- The genes became identical through mutation.
1 2 3 4 5
33What is the main idea behind the model of a
molecular clock?
- that neutral mutations accumulate at a steady
rate - that certain traits are under the pressure of
natural selection - that segments of DNA can be compared with
segments of RNA - that phenotypes, not genotypes, are affected by
natural selection
1 2 3 4 5
34All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae,
Fungi, and Animalia are
- multicellular organisms.
- photosynthetic organisms.
- eukaryotes.
- prokaryotes.
1 2 3 4 5
35Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell
walls of chitin?
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
1 2 3 4 5
36What kingdoms composed the three-kingdom
classification system used by scientists in the
late 1800s?
- animals, plants, fungi
- animals, plants, bacteria
- animals, fungi, protists
- animals, plants, protists
1 2 3 4 5
37Which of the kingdoms in the six-kingdom system
of classification was once grouped with plants?
- Animalia
- Carnivores
- Fungi
- Protista
1 2 3 4 5
38Some scientists propose that the kingdom Protista
should be broken up into several kingdoms. Which
of these statements accurately supports this idea?
- Protists are all very similar and easy to
confuse. - Protista contains very diverse organisms that do
not fit into the other kingdoms. - Protists are the most numerous organisms on
Earth. - Protista evolved before any other kingdom.
1 2 3 4 5
39The domain that corresponds to the kingdom
Eubacteria is
- Archaea.
- Bacteria.
- Eukarya.
- Fungi.
1 2 3 4 5
40The domain that contains unicellular organisms
that live in extreme environments is
- Eubacteria.
- Eukarya.
- Archaea.
- Bacteria.
1 2 3 4 5
41The two domains composed of only unicellular
organisms are
- Eubacteria and Archaea.
- Eukarya and Bacteria.
- Archaea and Bacteria.
- Archaea and Eukarya.
1 2 3 4 5
42The three-domain system arose when scientists
grouped organisms according to how long they have
been
- alive in their present forms.
- going extinct.
- evolving independently.
- using DNA to store information.
1 2 3 4 5
43The three-domain system recognizes fundamental
differences between two groups of
- prokaryotes.
- eukaryotes.
- protists.
- multicellular organisms.
1 2 3 4 5
44Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a
kingdom called
- Animalia.
- Fungi.
- Monera.
- Eukarya.
1 2 3 4 5
45What is thought to be true about the three
domains of living things?
- They diverged from a common ancestor fairly
recently. - They diverged from a common ancestor before the
evolution of the main groups of eukaryotes. - They did not have a common ancestor.
- Domains Bacteria and Archaea evolved after the
main groups of eukaryotes.
1 2 3 4 5
46An organism may have different common names that
vary from area to area and language to language.
_________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
47Scientists try to organize living things into
groups that have economic significance.
_________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
48In binomial nomenclature, each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name.
_________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
49In the name Ursus maritimus, the first term of
the name refers to the species.
_________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
50Linnaeuss system of classification uses seven
taxonomic categories. _________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
51An order is a broad taxonomic category composed
of similar phyla. _________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
52American vultures are now classified with storks
instead of with African vultures because of
evidence based on body structure.
_________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
53Biologists attempt to group organisms into
categories that represent lines of evolutionary
descent. _________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
54Cladistic analysis considers characteristics that
have arisen as lineages have evolved over time.
_________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
55Scientists often look for similar genes in very
dissimilar organisms. _________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
56Evidence shows that the same gene that codes for
a particular protein in human muscle also codes
for that protein in yeasts, indicating common
ancestry. _________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
57The six kingdoms of life are Eubacteria, Monera,
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
_________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
58The older kingdom Monera contains the same
organisms as the two domains Bacteria and
Archaea. _________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
59The kingdom Eubacteria contains the same
organisms as the domain Animalia.
_________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
60Archaea differ from Bacteria in that the cell
walls of Archaea lack peptidoglycans.
_________________________
- True
- False
1 2 3 4 5
61Participant Scores
0 Participant 1
0 Participant 2
0 Participant 3
0 Participant 4
0 Participant 5
62When scientists use a(an) ________________________
_ for an organism, they can be certain they are
all discussing the same organism.
1 2 3 4 5
63The animals Panthera leo (lion) and
____________________ tigris (tiger) belong to the
same genus.
1 2 3 4 5
64The use of a two-part scientific name for
organisms is called ____________________
nomenclature.
1 2 3 4 5
65In taxonomy, different classes of organisms might
be grouped into a ____________________, which is
the next (larger) category.
1 2 3 4 5
66In Linnaeuss system of classification, the two
smallest categories are genus and
____________________.
1 2 3 4 5
67In taxonomy, the class Mammalia is grouped with
the classes Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and several
classes of fishes into the phylum
____________________.
1 2 3 4 5
68Traditional classification is based on general
similarities of _________________________ among
organisms.
1 2 3 4 5
69In traditional classification, some similarities
that were used to group organisms were based on
_________________________ instead of a shared
evolutionary history.
1 2 3 4 5
70In cladistic analysis, a characteristic that
arises as a lineage of organisms evolves over
time is called a(an) _________________________.
1 2 3 4 5
71DNA analyses show that the ____________________
of many dissimilar organisms show important
similarities at the molecular level.
1 2 3 4 5
72Evidence shows that very dissimilar organisms,
such as yeasts and humans, have some genes in
common, indicating that they share a common
____________________.
1 2 3 4 5
73The six kingdoms of life include bacteria that
have cell walls with peptidoglycan, bacteria that
have cell walls without peptidoglycan, protists,
fungi, animals, and ____________________.
1 2 3 4 5
74Unlike the five-kingdom system of classification,
the six-kingdom system breaks ____________________
into two groups.
1 2 3 4 5
75The domain ____________________ contains plants,
fungi, protists, and animalswhich are all
eukaryotes.
1 2 3 4 5
76The domain ____________________ is composed of
the kingdom Eubacteria.
1 2 3 4 5
77Why might a particular kind of organism have more
than one common name?
1 2 3 4 5
78How do you know that the species Ursus maritimus
and Ursus arctos are closely related?
1 2 3 4 5
79How many terms make up the scientific name of a
species? How is that name distinguished in print
from the common name of a species?
1 2 3 4 5
80Why are such different animals as fishes,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals grouped
into a single phylum?
1 2 3 4 5
81If you know nothing else about an organism except
its scientific name, can you immediately
determine what genus and family it is in? Explain
1 2 3 4 5
82What is evolutionary classification? How does it
differ from traditional biological classification?
1 2 3 4 5
83How does analysis of DNA help scientists
establish an evolutionary classification scheme?
1 2 3 4 5
84 Figure 181
85Which grouping in Figure 181, A or B, shows the
older, traditional, method of classifying the
three animals shown? What kind of evidence was
used to support that classification?
1 2 3 4 5
86Which system of grouping in Figure 181, A or B,
provides information about the evolution of the
three animals? What is the name of the diagram
used to show that information?
1 2 3 4 5
87According to the cladogram in Figure 181, what
two characteristics do crabs and barnacles share
that limpets do not?
1 2 3 4 5
88In Figure 181, what does diagram B, which is
based on more recent evidence, show about the
classification of animals shown in diagram A?
1 2 3 4 5
89What recently developed technology allows
scientists to compare the DNA of different kinds
of organisms to determine classification?
1 2 3 4 5
90How can scientists compare very dissimilar
organisms such as yeasts and humans?
1 2 3 4 5
91What characteristic did biologists use to
reclassify some organisms from the plant or
animal kingdom to the kingdom Protista?
1 2 3 4 5
92What characteristic is used to place an organism
in the domain Eukarya?
1 2 3 4 5
93Identify the two parts of a scientific name, and
explain what information can sometimes be
inferred from the scientific name of an organism.
1 2 3 4 5
94How is binomial nomenclature superior to the
descriptive names used by early scientists?
1 2 3 4 5
95What effect might the common use of the
microscope by biologists have had on Linnaeuss
original system of taxonomy? Explain
1 2 3 4 5
96How does traditional classification differ from
evolutionary classification?
1 2 3 4 5
97How does cladistic analysis determine the order
in which a set of related species evolved?
1 2 3 4 5
98How are neutral mutations useful for estimating
the relationship between two species?
1 2 3 4 5
99Briefly explain the history of how microorganisms
have been classifiedbeginning with the early
systems of classification and leading to the
modern six-kingdom system.
1 2 3 4 5
100How has an increasing knowledge about organisms
affected the number of kingdoms now recognized by
biologists? Explain
1 2 3 4 5
101Identify a major source of evidence used by
scientists who advocate the adoption of the
three-domain system for classifying living things.
1 2 3 4 5
102Why might the three-domain system be a more valid
reflection of evolutionary history than the
six-kingdom system?
1 2 3 4 5