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Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms

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Title: Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms


1
Biologists use a classification system to group
organisms in part because organisms
  1. are going extinct.
  2. are very numerous and diverse.
  3. are too much alike.
  4. share too many derived characters.

1 2 3 4 5
2
The study of organisms requires the use of
  1. only large, general categories of organisms.
  2. only small, specific categories of organisms.
  3. both large and small categories of organisms.
  4. no categories of organisms.

1 2 3 4 5
3
Scientists assign each kind of organism a
universally accepted name in the system known as
  1. traditional classification.
  2. the three domains.
  3. binomial nomenclature.
  4. cladistics.

1 2 3 4 5
4
For many species, there are often regional
differences in their
  1. common names.
  2. scientific names.
  3. taxa.
  4. binomial nomenclature.

1 2 3 4 5
5
In taxonomy, a group at any level of organization
is referred to as a
  1. cladogram.
  2. binomial.
  3. taxon.
  4. system.

1 2 3 4 5
6
Scientists have identified and named
  1. all living species.
  2. all living and extinct species.
  3. all extinct species.
  4. a fraction of all species.

1 2 3 4 5
7
In the scientific version of a species name,
which of the terms is capitalized?
  1. the first term only
  2. the second term only
  3. both the first and second terms
  4. neither the first nor the second term

1 2 3 4 5
8
Based on their names, you know that the baboons
Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT
belong to the same
  1. class.
  2. family.
  3. genus.
  4. species.

1 2 3 4 5
9
How do binomial, or two-part, names compare with
early versions of scientific names?
  1. They are longer.
  2. They are shorter.
  3. They are completely descriptive.
  4. They are in English.

1 2 3 4 5
10
The second part of a scientific name is unique to
each
  1. order in its class.
  2. family in its order.
  3. genus in its family.
  4. species in its genus.

1 2 3 4 5
11
Often, the second part of a scientific name is
  1. a Latinized description of a particular trait.
  2. the same as for other members of the same genus.
  3. capitalized if it derives from a proper name.
  4. different in different locations.

1 2 3 4 5
12
Before Linnaeus, scientific names were
problematic because they were
  1. too brief to be descriptive.
  2. very long and difficult to standardize.
  3. written only in Greek.
  4. written only in Latin.

1 2 3 4 5
13
In Linnaeuss system of classification, how many
taxonomic categories were there?
  1. one
  2. three
  3. five
  4. seven

1 2 3 4 5
14
A genus is composed of a number of related
  1. kingdoms.
  2. phyla.
  3. orders.
  4. species.

1 2 3 4 5
15
Several different classes make up a
  1. kingdom.
  2. phylum.
  3. family.
  4. genus.

1 2 3 4 5
16
Which two kingdoms did Linnaeus recognize?
  1. bacteria and animals
  2. plants and fungi
  3. plants and animals
  4. protists and animals

1 2 3 4 5
17
Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair,
and produce milk for their young are grouped in
the class
  1. Amphibia.
  2. Mammalia.
  3. Aves.
  4. Reptilia.

1 2 3 4 5
18
The most general and largest category in
Linnaeuss system is
  1. the phylum.
  2. the kingdom.
  3. the genus.
  4. the domain.

1 2 3 4 5
19
Traditional classifications tended to take into
account primarily
  1. extinct organisms.
  2. RNA similarities.
  3. DNA similarities.
  4. general similarities in appearance.

1 2 3 4 5
20
Sometimes, organisms that are not closely related
look similar because of
  1. convergent evolution.
  2. molecular clocks.
  3. mutations.
  4. reclassification.

1 2 3 4 5
21
The procedure of grouping organisms based on
their evolutionary history is called
  1. traditional classification.
  2. binomial nomenclature.
  3. derived characters.
  4. evolutionary classification.

1 2 3 4 5
22
In an evolutionary classification scheme, species
within one genus should
  1. be more similar to each other than they are to
    other species.
  2. not be similar in appearance.
  3. be limited to species that can interbreed.
  4. have identical genes.

1 2 3 4 5
23
What kind of analysis focuses on the order in
which derived characters appeared in organisms?
  1. cladistic analysis
  2. traditional classification
  3. taxonomy
  4. anatomy

1 2 3 4 5
24
In biology, an evolutionary innovation is also
referred to as a
  1. derived character.
  2. taxonomic group.
  3. molecular clock.
  4. physical similarity.

1 2 3 4 5
25
What do scientists consider when they perform a
cladistic analysis?
  1. only the DNA of organisms
  2. all traits of organisms
  3. derived characters
  4. only physical similarities

1 2 3 4 5
26
An analysis of derived characters is used to
generate a
  1. family tree based on external appearance.
  2. family tree based on DNA structure.
  3. cladogram.
  4. traditional classification system.

1 2 3 4 5
27
What does a cladistic analysis show about
organisms?
  1. the relative importance of each derived character
  2. the order in which derived characters evolved
  3. the general fitness of the organisms analyzed
  4. all traits of each organism analyzed

1 2 3 4 5
28
Similar genes are evidence of
  1. binomial nomenclature.
  2. mutations.
  3. common ancestry.
  4. different anatomy.

1 2 3 4 5
29
What do all organisms have in common?
  1. They use DNA and RNA to pass on information.
  2. They are all prokaryotes.
  3. They are all eukaryotes.
  4. They are genetically identical.

1 2 3 4 5
30
What is true about dissimilar organisms such as a
cow and a yeast?
  1. They are not related at all.
  2. Their degree of relatedness cannot be evaluated.
  3. Their degree of relatedness can be determined
    from their genes.
  4. They can interbreed and thus are the same species.

1 2 3 4 5
31
Scientists have found that humans and yeasts
  1. have similar genes for the assembly of certain
    proteins.
  2. share all aspects of cellular structure.
  3. have nothing in common.
  4. cannot be evaluated for degree of relatedness.

1 2 3 4 5
32
What does the presence of similar genes in very
dissimilar organisms imply?
  1. The genes were produced by different selection
    pressures.
  2. The organisms share a common ancestor.
  3. The organisms do not share a common ancestor.
  4. The genes became identical through mutation.

1 2 3 4 5
33
What is the main idea behind the model of a
molecular clock?
  1. that neutral mutations accumulate at a steady
    rate
  2. that certain traits are under the pressure of
    natural selection
  3. that segments of DNA can be compared with
    segments of RNA
  4. that phenotypes, not genotypes, are affected by
    natural selection

1 2 3 4 5
34
All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae,
Fungi, and Animalia are
  1. multicellular organisms.
  2. photosynthetic organisms.
  3. eukaryotes.
  4. prokaryotes.

1 2 3 4 5
35
Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell
walls of chitin?
  1. Protista
  2. Fungi
  3. Plantae
  4. Animalia

1 2 3 4 5
36
What kingdoms composed the three-kingdom
classification system used by scientists in the
late 1800s?
  1. animals, plants, fungi
  2. animals, plants, bacteria
  3. animals, fungi, protists
  4. animals, plants, protists

1 2 3 4 5
37
Which of the kingdoms in the six-kingdom system
of classification was once grouped with plants?
  1. Animalia
  2. Carnivores
  3. Fungi
  4. Protista

1 2 3 4 5
38
Some scientists propose that the kingdom Protista
should be broken up into several kingdoms. Which
of these statements accurately supports this idea?
  1. Protists are all very similar and easy to
    confuse.
  2. Protista contains very diverse organisms that do
    not fit into the other kingdoms.
  3. Protists are the most numerous organisms on
    Earth.
  4. Protista evolved before any other kingdom.

1 2 3 4 5
39
The domain that corresponds to the kingdom
Eubacteria is
  1. Archaea.
  2. Bacteria.
  3. Eukarya.
  4. Fungi.

1 2 3 4 5
40
The domain that contains unicellular organisms
that live in extreme environments is
  1. Eubacteria.
  2. Eukarya.
  3. Archaea.
  4. Bacteria.

1 2 3 4 5
41
The two domains composed of only unicellular
organisms are
  1. Eubacteria and Archaea.
  2. Eukarya and Bacteria.
  3. Archaea and Bacteria.
  4. Archaea and Eukarya.

1 2 3 4 5
42
The three-domain system arose when scientists
grouped organisms according to how long they have
been
  1. alive in their present forms.
  2. going extinct.
  3. evolving independently.
  4. using DNA to store information.

1 2 3 4 5
43
The three-domain system recognizes fundamental
differences between two groups of
  1. prokaryotes.
  2. eukaryotes.
  3. protists.
  4. multicellular organisms.

1 2 3 4 5
44
Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a
kingdom called
  1. Animalia.
  2. Fungi.
  3. Monera.
  4. Eukarya.

1 2 3 4 5
45
What is thought to be true about the three
domains of living things?
  1. They diverged from a common ancestor fairly
    recently.
  2. They diverged from a common ancestor before the
    evolution of the main groups of eukaryotes.
  3. They did not have a common ancestor.
  4. Domains Bacteria and Archaea evolved after the
    main groups of eukaryotes.

1 2 3 4 5
46
An organism may have different common names that
vary from area to area and language to language.
_________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
47
Scientists try to organize living things into
groups that have economic significance.
_________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
48
In binomial nomenclature, each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name.
_________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
49
In the name Ursus maritimus, the first term of
the name refers to the species.
_________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
50
Linnaeuss system of classification uses seven
taxonomic categories. _________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
51
An order is a broad taxonomic category composed
of similar phyla. _________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
52
American vultures are now classified with storks
instead of with African vultures because of
evidence based on body structure.
_________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
53
Biologists attempt to group organisms into
categories that represent lines of evolutionary
descent. _________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
54
Cladistic analysis considers characteristics that
have arisen as lineages have evolved over time.
_________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
55
Scientists often look for similar genes in very
dissimilar organisms. _________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
56
Evidence shows that the same gene that codes for
a particular protein in human muscle also codes
for that protein in yeasts, indicating common
ancestry. _________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
57
The six kingdoms of life are Eubacteria, Monera,
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
_________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
58
The older kingdom Monera contains the same
organisms as the two domains Bacteria and
Archaea. _________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
59
The kingdom Eubacteria contains the same
organisms as the domain Animalia.
_________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
60
Archaea differ from Bacteria in that the cell
walls of Archaea lack peptidoglycans.
_________________________
  1. True
  2. False

1 2 3 4 5
61
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62
When scientists use a(an) ________________________
_ for an organism, they can be certain they are
all discussing the same organism.
1 2 3 4 5
63
The animals Panthera leo (lion) and
____________________ tigris (tiger) belong to the
same genus.
1 2 3 4 5
64
The use of a two-part scientific name for
organisms is called ____________________
nomenclature.
1 2 3 4 5
65
In taxonomy, different classes of organisms might
be grouped into a ____________________, which is
the next (larger) category.
1 2 3 4 5
66
In Linnaeuss system of classification, the two
smallest categories are genus and
____________________.
1 2 3 4 5
67
In taxonomy, the class Mammalia is grouped with
the classes Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and several
classes of fishes into the phylum
____________________.
1 2 3 4 5
68
Traditional classification is based on general
similarities of _________________________ among
organisms.
1 2 3 4 5
69
In traditional classification, some similarities
that were used to group organisms were based on
_________________________ instead of a shared
evolutionary history.
1 2 3 4 5
70
In cladistic analysis, a characteristic that
arises as a lineage of organisms evolves over
time is called a(an) _________________________.
1 2 3 4 5
71
DNA analyses show that the ____________________
of many dissimilar organisms show important
similarities at the molecular level.
1 2 3 4 5
72
Evidence shows that very dissimilar organisms,
such as yeasts and humans, have some genes in
common, indicating that they share a common
____________________.
1 2 3 4 5
73
The six kingdoms of life include bacteria that
have cell walls with peptidoglycan, bacteria that
have cell walls without peptidoglycan, protists,
fungi, animals, and ____________________.
1 2 3 4 5
74
Unlike the five-kingdom system of classification,
the six-kingdom system breaks ____________________
into two groups.
1 2 3 4 5
75
The domain ____________________ contains plants,
fungi, protists, and animalswhich are all
eukaryotes.
1 2 3 4 5
76
The domain ____________________ is composed of
the kingdom Eubacteria.
1 2 3 4 5
77
Why might a particular kind of organism have more
than one common name?
1 2 3 4 5
78
How do you know that the species Ursus maritimus
and Ursus arctos are closely related?
1 2 3 4 5
79
How many terms make up the scientific name of a
species? How is that name distinguished in print
from the common name of a species?
1 2 3 4 5
80
Why are such different animals as fishes,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals grouped
into a single phylum?
1 2 3 4 5
81
If you know nothing else about an organism except
its scientific name, can you immediately
determine what genus and family it is in? Explain
1 2 3 4 5
82
What is evolutionary classification? How does it
differ from traditional biological classification?
1 2 3 4 5
83
How does analysis of DNA help scientists
establish an evolutionary classification scheme?
1 2 3 4 5
84
Figure 181
85
Which grouping in Figure 181, A or B, shows the
older, traditional, method of classifying the
three animals shown? What kind of evidence was
used to support that classification?
1 2 3 4 5
86
Which system of grouping in Figure 181, A or B,
provides information about the evolution of the
three animals? What is the name of the diagram
used to show that information?
1 2 3 4 5
87
According to the cladogram in Figure 181, what
two characteristics do crabs and barnacles share
that limpets do not?
1 2 3 4 5
88
In Figure 181, what does diagram B, which is
based on more recent evidence, show about the
classification of animals shown in diagram A?
1 2 3 4 5
89
What recently developed technology allows
scientists to compare the DNA of different kinds
of organisms to determine classification?
1 2 3 4 5
90
How can scientists compare very dissimilar
organisms such as yeasts and humans?
1 2 3 4 5
91
What characteristic did biologists use to
reclassify some organisms from the plant or
animal kingdom to the kingdom Protista?
1 2 3 4 5
92
What characteristic is used to place an organism
in the domain Eukarya?
1 2 3 4 5
93
Identify the two parts of a scientific name, and
explain what information can sometimes be
inferred from the scientific name of an organism.
1 2 3 4 5
94
How is binomial nomenclature superior to the
descriptive names used by early scientists?
1 2 3 4 5
95
What effect might the common use of the
microscope by biologists have had on Linnaeuss
original system of taxonomy? Explain
1 2 3 4 5
96
How does traditional classification differ from
evolutionary classification?
1 2 3 4 5
97
How does cladistic analysis determine the order
in which a set of related species evolved?
1 2 3 4 5
98
How are neutral mutations useful for estimating
the relationship between two species?
1 2 3 4 5
99
Briefly explain the history of how microorganisms
have been classifiedbeginning with the early
systems of classification and leading to the
modern six-kingdom system.
1 2 3 4 5
100
How has an increasing knowledge about organisms
affected the number of kingdoms now recognized by
biologists? Explain
1 2 3 4 5
101
Identify a major source of evidence used by
scientists who advocate the adoption of the
three-domain system for classifying living things.
1 2 3 4 5
102
Why might the three-domain system be a more valid
reflection of evolutionary history than the
six-kingdom system?
1 2 3 4 5
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