ICLEAC Survey Presentation Instability Control of Low Emission Aero-Engine Combustors

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ICLEAC Survey PresentationInstability Control of
Low Emission Aero-Engine Combustors
4 year program started March 1 2000
G4RD-CT-2000-0215 RT project within the 5th
Framework program of the European Union
Presented by L. Hernandez Turbomeca
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ICLEAC Survey PresentationInstability Control of
Low Emission Aero-Engine Combustors

• Agenda
• Partners
• Mission
• Organisation
• Experiments and Measurements
• Calculations
• Exploitation and Dissemination
• Questions

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ICLEAC Partners

• Turbomeca F
• MTU D
• Rolls-Royce Deutschland D
• Snecma F
• Rolls-Royce UK
• AVIO S.p.A. I
• QINETIQ UK
• CERFACS F
• CNRS/DR5/EM2C F
• Cranfield University UK
• Karlsruhe University - EBI D
• Munich University - TDM D
• Genova University - DIMSET I
• UCAM-DENG UK

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ICLEAC Mission
Low Emissions Combustion Instabilities

• Treatment of CI today a posteriori
• expensive and time consuming
• re-design
• tests
• Objective being able to deal with the problem a
  priori
• Concept phase
• Design Rules
• Low Order Models
• Development phase
• Heavy CFD methods URANS and LES

Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes
Large Eddy Simulation
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ICLEAC Mission

• Measurements
• Injector Aerodynamics and spray databases (steady
  and unsteady)
• Flame Transfer Functions (FTF) in simple and
  engine like sector rigs
• Generic and real engine geometry thermo acoustics
  and mixing
• Calculations
• FTF calculated by URANS and LES
• URANS and LES development
• Tools
• Design rules
• Low Order Model (LOM)
• URANS and LES

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ICLEAC Organisation

• 5 Work Packages
• WP1 Management and exploitation
• WP2 Unsteady behaviour of Fluid-dynamic LP/LPP
  injection systems
• WP3 Measurement of Transfer Functions
• WP4 Combustion Instabilities Prediction
• WP5 Advanced 2 and 3D diagnostics on combustors
• 4 year program started March 1 2000
• Final report April 2004

Lean Premixed Lean Pre-vaporised Premixed
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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• 2D atmospheric combustion rig
• ambient air temperature inlet
• acoustic excitation
• modular design
• Optical access
• PLIF, Chemiluminescence (OH, CH, C2 radicals)
• FTF derivation

Loudspeakers
Microphones
Adiabatic Walls
Optical Access
Hot Wire
FUEL INLET
Planer Laser Induced Fluorescence
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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• Atmospheric Injector Spray
• Rig
• Optical access
• Acoustic excitation
• PDA and LSD for droplet size, velocity, and
  concentration measurement in dense sprays
• Spray FTF derivation

Phase Doppler Anemometry Laser Sheet Drop
sizing
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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• Injector spray test rig
• 3 bar
• 300-500 K
• Acoustic excitation
• Optical access
• PDA and LSD for droplet size, velocity, and
  concentration measurement in dense sprays
• Spray FTF derivation

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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• Large scale injector test
• rig
• Atmospheric
• Acoustic excitation
• Optical access
• LDV, PIV
• Derivation of 3D velocity field and turbulence

Laser Doppler Velocimetry Particle Imaging
Velocimetry
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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• Atmospheric Combustion Rig
• T3 770 K
• Acoustic excitation
• Optical access
• OH Chemiluminescence
• FTF derivation

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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• Atmospheric Combustion
• Rig
• T3 800 K
• Acoustic excitation
• Optical access
• PIV, Mie scattering, OH Chemiluminescence
• Derivation of flow/spray field and FTF

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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• High Pressure
• Combustion Rig
• P3 40 bar
• T3 800 K
• Acoustic excitation
• Optical access
• PIV, OH Chemiluminescence

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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• Atmospheric
• High Pressure
• Combustion Rig
• P3 15 bar
• T3 800 K
• Acoustic excitation
• FTF derivation from fast response pressure
  measurements and CH Chemiluminescence

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ICLEAC Calculations

• Low-Order Model
• Linear model for combustion instability
• Gives frequency and stability predictions
• Fast enough to be used at design stage

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ICLEAC Calculations

• CFD applied to rumble
• Mechanism of self-excited oscillation
• Identification of flame transfer function
• Integration of CFD and low-order models

Pressure
Time
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Exploitation and DisseminationRR-UK RRD

• Single sector test rigs
• atmospheric
• low pressure lt 3 bar
• intermediate pressure lt 15 bar

• LPP modules
• delay time
• effective area
• Air blast burners

• Flame characterization
• Flame transfer functions
• Spray transfer functions

CRANFIELD / QINETIQ / TD-Munich

• LOM
• 1D geometry
• implementation of FTF
• validation

• CFD simulations
• 2D 3D geometries
• numerical FTF
• self-excitation

UCAM
ICLEAC

• Multi-Link Flow Network
• in-house application
• integration of LOM
• validation

• CFD simulations
• in-house application
• best practice
• validation

RR-UK large engines RRD medium engines
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Exploitation and Dissemination ExampleLOM
results of RB211 DLE industrial combustion system
Combustor Mode
Unstable Mode
Frequency
x (m)
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Exploitation and DisseminationAVIO S.p.A

• Laboratory
• LPP double swirler injector of AVIO design
• large scale model
• same Re number
• original and modified geometries

• Measurement techniques
• 3D LDV
• hot-wire anemometry
• PIV

• Unsteady aerodynamic investigation
• Time averaged and ensemble averaged flow field
• Reynolds stress distributions
• unsteady phenomena detection
• data sets for time-dependent N.S. and RANS code
  assessment

UNIGE-DIMSET Experimental activities
ICLEAC
UNIGE-DIMSET Numerical activities

• Analysis mode (large scale premixer)
• comparison of flow fields and unstable behaviour
• critical modes detection
• parametric optimisation

• Design mode (Real LPP prototype)
• preheated 2-phase behaviour
• fully reactive conditions
• Transient Performance Method (CFD based)

• Unsteady CFD Solver NastComb
• in-house development validation
• advanced turbulence model
• reactive prediction (detailed)
• radiation modelling

AVIO S.p.A
URANS Transient Performance Method (TPM) applied
to gas turbine combustor development

• LPP double swirler injector design
• RANS code for design and analysis validation

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Exploitation and Dissemination Example
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Exploitation and DisseminationTurbomeca SNECMA

• Laboratory rig
• non-premixed
• turbulent burner

• Measurements
• PIV
• OH chem.
• Hot wire anemometry

• Flame Characterisation
• Transfer functions
• velocity profiles
• visualisation, ...

EM2C
LES modelling results
LES model development
ICLEAC
CERFACS
LES modelling applied to gas turbine combustor
development
SNECMA
Turbomeca
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Exploitation and Dissemination ExampleLES
calculation of CNRS/EM2C 2D burner
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Exploitation and Dissemination ExampleLES
calculation of CNRS/EM2C 2D burner
Simulation time 21ms ( one flow-through time)
Movie of forced case
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Questions
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Acronyms
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ICLEAC Organisation

• WP2 isothermal experiments on injection systems
  
• WP3 transfer functions on combustors - effect
  of damping technologies
• WP4 development of simulation methods
• WP5 detailed measurements on combustors

• In each Work package we have two types of
  hardware that
• are investigated
• generic / academic hardware
• real scale / Low Emission Aero Engine hardware.

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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• Atmospheric
• Combustion Rig
• T3 650 K
• Optical access
• Acoustic excitation
• Dynamic pressure, CH Chemiluminescence
• FTF derivation

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ICLEAC Experiments and Measurements

• High Pressure
• Combustion Rig
• P3 15 bar
• T3 800 K
• Acoustic excitation
• Dynamic pressure, CH Chemiluminescence
• FTF derivation

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ICLEAC Mission

• To understand fundamental mechanisms leading to
  Combustion Instabilities in Aero Engine Low
  Emission Combustors. This includes the
  elaboration of comprehensive databases on
  academic flames and real combustor flames used
  both for analysis and code validation
• To develop and validate predictive tools on
  generic and real Low Emission combustors also
  used in other programmes. This includes RANS and
  LES methods as well as a low order model (TALON)
  that is delivered to the partners during the last
  year of the programme
• To define and validate design rules for Low
  Emission Combustors for Aero Engines to
  avoid/reduce combustion instabilities. Includes
  correlations between combustor geometries, and
  oscillation frequencies / amplitudes.