Grapevine breeding for resistance to downy and powdery mildew at the University of Udine

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Grapevine breeding for resistance to downy and
powdery mildew at the University of Udine
UNIVERSITY OF UDINE, ITALY
Enrico PETERLUNGER, Gabriele DI GASPERO, Simone
CASTELLARIN, Raffaele TESTOLIN Department of
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences



___________________________________________ Projec
t INNOWINE kickoff, June 21, 2012, Novi Sad
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Modern viticulture is depending strongly
upon ? pesticides.
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• Vineyards in Europe on
• 3.3 of total agricultural land
• but to preserve the grapes it is applied
• ?65 of all fungicides used in agriculture,
• farmers
• damage for - man
• consumers
• - environment
• - economy of the crop

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Fungicide consumption in France

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How did all this start?
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• Most cultivated grape varieties are gt 200 years
  old
• Minimum contribution from breeding
• Limited variability, also reduced by clonal
  selection

• Plants and their pathogens co-evolute in a
  continous struggle for life
• one species not able of reproduction is destined
  to succumb
• Man can help that species to survive but such a
  choice has a cost ...........

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• A brief hystory
• from North America
• Phylloxera 1878
• Powdery mildew 1845
• Downy mildew 1868

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Phylloxera ? grafting onto resistant rootstocks
? breeding for resistant rootstock PM, DM ?
breeding for resistant cultivars, hybrids such
as Isabella, Noah, Clinton, Baco
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but Resistance was achieved Quality was not
satisfactory About 1960 Europe decided to ban
hybrids except eventual new selections
comparable to vinifera
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Sources of resistance to diseases

• ? 30 American species (V. riparia, V. rupestris,
  Muscadinia )
• ? 30 Asian species (V. amurensis, )
• monogenic (non-host, HR)
• poligenic

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origin of sources of resistance
Powdery mildew (ren1)
Kishmish vatkana
Downy mildew Powdery mildew
Downy mildew Powdery mildew?
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the breeding lines

susceptible (S) resistant
(R) Chardonnay
Bianca Cabernet S.
20/3 Merlot
Regent Sauvignon
Seyval Sangiovese
Pannonia Tocai
SK-00-1/2 ...
...
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Demasculation and controlled pollination
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The workplan

• 800 accessions introduced into the repository
• 270 cross combinations
• 16.000 seedlings under evaluation
• Selection for - resistance
• - agronomical features
• - quality of musts

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advanced evaluation

• nano-vinification of gt 200 selections at UIV
  (VR)
• wine testing for up to three years
• advanced evaluation for 15 selections at VCR in
  Fossalon 2010

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several advanced selections
Vc 80.024 Vc 55.084 Vc
80.111 Vc 34.004 Vc
80.100 Vc 55.100
tocai x bianca sauv x bianca tocai x
bianca tocai x 20/3 tocai x
bianca sauv x bianca

Vc 58.083 Vc 32.078
Vc 31.125 Vc 31.122
Vc 57.001
cab s x bianca cab s x 20/3
merlot x 20/3 merlot x 20/3
merlot x bianca
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Future development of the breeding program

• to combine together more than one resistence
• combining resistences to different pathogens
• combining more resistences to the same pathogen
• 2 sources of resistance to downy and 2 to powdery
  mildew

• to differentiate the product
• sparkling base
• long-lasting wines
• dessert wines
• table grape
• ...

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The new frontiers of selectionthe
marker-assisted selection
- Genome sequencing - No GMO - The selection is
not carried out on phenotypic characters but
on genes controlling them (e.g. resistance)

X
GTACGG GTACGT


GTACGG GTACGT GTACGG GTACGT
GTACGG GTACGG GTACGT GTACGG
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The new frontiers of selectionthe selection for
the aromatic profiles

bianca
chardonnay

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• The impact of traditional viticulture needs to
  be considered
• A more healthy viticulture with lower
  production cost can be done,
• without forgetting tradition

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• The value of our products
• is the territory,
• with our tradition
• and skills

• A resistant cultivar
• can help future viticulture
• to be more sustainable

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• Research conducted in cooperation with
• IGA- INSTITUTE OF APPLIED GENOMICS - Udine
• and
• Institute of Viticulture, Pécs, Hungary
• Missouri State University, USA
• INRA, Colmar, France
• Université de Strasbourg, France
• Genoscope, Paris, France
• Institut für Rebenzüchtung, Geilweilerhof,
  Germany
• University of Geisenheim, Germany
• Unione Italiana Vini, Verona, Italy
• University of Verona, Italy
• CRA Istituto di Viticoltura, Conegliano, Italy
• Support from
• Region Friuli Venezia Giulia
• MiPAF Projects Vigna Vigneto

Thanks for your attention!