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The people, even the lowest ranks, have become
more attentive to their liberties

• Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest,
• 1754-1775

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Empires at War

• The French, English and Spanish carried on a
  series of wars from 1689 through 1763
• The most important of these for the colonists was
  the French and Indian War, also known as the
  Seven Years War

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The French and Indian War

• This pitted the French and Indians against
  British regulars and colonists
• The goal was to control the Ohio River Valley
• The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin
  Franklin as a way to congeal colonial strength
• The war was won by the British and had many
  significant outcomes

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The French and Indian War

• Outcomes
• Colonists lose respect for the British regulars
• British question colonial loyalties
• British are out of money
• Results
• British begin to tax the colonists
• Colonists begin to think they can defeat the
  British army
• The British crown imposes the Proclamation of 1763

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New Revenue and Regulation

• Grenville
• Sugar Act
• Raise money and tighten the enforcement of the
  Navigation Act
• Quartering Act
• Colonists must house and feed British regulars
• Stamp Act
• Taxed everyday products and was the first direct
  tax
• All taxes previous were indirect on imports
• Stamp Act protest
• Formation of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
• The Stamp Act Congress
• Boycotts
• Grenville is replaced in 1766

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The Declaratory Act

• This act was largely symbolic
• The British replaced George Grenville and
  repealed the Stamp Act because of the boycotts
• They also simultaneously passed the Declaratory
  Act of 1766
• This stated that Parliament had the power and
  authority to tax and regulate the colonies

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Charles Townshend

• He proposed another set of taxes in 1767 referred
  to as the Townshend Duties or Townshend Acts
• Tea, glass and paper were taxed as imports
• Most didnt protest initially because they were
  indirect taxes
• Sam Adams and James Otis were rabble rousers that
  ignited colonial resistance
• This is where the no taxation without
  representation mantra was coined
• Colonial boycotts again followed the
  Massachusetts Circular letter and British
  military presence was increased

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Lord North

• Lord North was appointed Prime Minister to
  replace Townshend
• North repealed the Townshend Acts and created a
  small tax on tea
• This repeal generally ended colonial protest for
  a period of 3 relatively quiet years, punctuated
  only by the Boston massacre
• During this time, the most fervent of the
  Revolutionary leaders continued to agitate for
  revolt through the Committees of Correspondence

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The Boston Tea Party

• The British government had given a tea monopoly
  to the British East India Company
• The colonists were still boycotting and largely
  buying smuggled tea
• The tea would be imported W/O the duty and be
  much cheaper
• Colonists still avoided the cheap tea
• Buying the tea would recognize the British right
  to tax
• Colonists boarded a BEIC ship and dumped the tea
  into Boston harbor, similar incidents occurred in
  Virginia as well
• As a response to the BTP, Lord North passed the
  Coercive or Intolerable Acts designed to punish
  the colonists

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The Intolerable Acts of 1774

• The Port of Boston was closed and blockaded until
  the colonists paid for the tea
• The Mass. Government Act moved the royal
  governors salary to the Kings purse
• The Administration of Justice Act said Royal
  officers were to be tried in Britain
• Expanded Quartering Act
• The Quebec Act
• Catholicism becomes the official religion of
  Quebec
• Quebecs boundary is moved to the Ohio River

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