History of Canada

1
Lecture Overview

• History of Canadas Past Population
• Description of Canadas Current/Future Population
• Definitions of concepts

2
Description of Canadas Past

• Why learn about the history of racialized groups?
  
• Stephan Stephan 02
• Cultural Circles Exercise
• Similar to Qs Why learn about own culture?

3
Aboriginals

• Stereotypes of them
• As inferior, incapable
• Practices toward them
• Indian Act other practices engaged in
• Forcible assimilation,
• Segregation (prohibited from leaving reserves
  w/out a pass, prohibited from land ownership)
• Cultural suppression (prevented from celebrating
  ceremonial events, determined who was an Indian)
• Sent children residential schools run by
  missionaries
• No right to vote

Ontario human rights doc
4
African Canadians

• Slavery Practices
• Segregation
• From Schools, churches, restaurants, hospitals,
  public transport
• Residentially via deeds, leases
• Restricted to menial, low-paying, exhausting
  labour

Ontario human rights doc
5
Chinese Canadians

• Recruited labour from China, subject to poor
  working conditions
• Were seen as threat after completing contract
  work,
• Limits on Chinese immigration
• Head tax imposition
• No voting rights
• Limited ability to
• own property, run business, enter certain
  professions employ people

Ontario human rights doc
6
Other VM Canadians

• Japanese Canadians
• Sent to relocation/detention camps
• Stripped of property, businesses savings
• After war, asked to disperse/repatriate to Japan
• South Asian Canadians
• Laws controlled their economic social mobility
• Immigration laws
• Vancouver incident

Ontario human rights doc
7
Jewish Canadians

• Prevented from immigration during Nazi
  persecution
• Legally prevented from
• Staying in Hotel/resorts
• Owning, living, buying property, being sold
  property to

Ontario human rights doc
8
Muslim Canadians

• Followers of islam are currently stereotyped,
  racially profiled, and subjected to hostile acts
• Muslims are viewed as a greater security threat
  on an institutional, systemic and societal level

Ontario human rights doc
9
Review and next

• History of Canadas Past Population
• Description of Canadas Population in 2006 vs
  2031
• Implications of Canadas Future Population
• Some definitions

10
Past vs. Future of Foreigners in Canadian
Population
Type of Demographic 2006 2031
Foreign Born 20 25-28 (55 Asian)

• Why
• Immigration
• Higher fertility of VM
• Younger age structure of VM

03/9/2010 Canada Census Report
11
Implications of Forecasts of Foreign Born

• By Foreign Born
• For
• Recruitment
• Community Services
• Of Certification processes
• Adaptation Services
• Service Industries

12
Past vs. Future of Visible Minorities in
Canadian Population
Type of Demographic 2006 2031
Visible Minorities (non White, Non-Aboriginal) 16 29-32
South Asian 25 28
Chinese 24 21

• Why
• Higher fertility of VM (also S. Asian)
• Younger age structure of VM
• 32.5 (VM) vs. 40

Visible Minorities non-whites, non Aboriginals
13
Location Visible Minorities by Metropolitan Areas
City 2031
Toronto 63
Vancouver 59
Montreal 31
Visible Minorities non-whites, non Aboriginals
14
Implications of Forecasts of VM , VM by
Metropolitan Area

• For
• Recruitment
• Community Services
• Service Industries

15
Past vs. Future of Religious Persuasion Canadian
Population
Type of Demographic 2006 2031
Muslim 35 50
Christian 75 65
Atheist 17 21

• Implications
• Organizational Practices for religious
  Accommodation

16
Review and whats next

• Description of Canadas Past Population
• Description of Canadas Current Future
  Population
• Definitions of concepts
• Race
• Discrimination
• Stereotyping
• Prejudice

17
What is Race

• An old classification system based on
• Skin colour
• Bodily features
• Accent/speech
• Name
• Clothing/grooming
• Diet
• Beliefs/practices
• Leisure preferences
• Place of origin
• Citizenship

18
Problems with concept of Race

• Lack of scientific evidence for racial
  classification system
• Differences within races on important
  characteristics are greater than those between
  races
• Social belief in existence of race has persisted
  despite lack of scientific proof

19
What is not Race?

• Difference between race .
• Gender
• Discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping
• Other cultural characteristics (e.g.,
  individualism)
• Use test of amt of differences between vs. within
  groups

20
What is discrimination?

• Discrimination
• When similar or better qualified applicant
• Does not get job applied for
• Gets job below qualification
• Receives lower pay for same job

Krauss in NYT
21
What is discrimination?

• Unequal treatment or behavior toward members of
  different groups (Stephan Stephan 02)
• Distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference
  based on group membership impairing human rights
  (Human rights doc)
• Impose burdens not imposed on others
• Withhold or limit access to benefits available to
  others

22
Examples of Discrimination

• Individual
• E.g., behaviors like different performance
  ratings for members of different groups all else
  being equal
• Institutional
• Policies, practices, procedures that disadvantage
  members of some groups
• Unequal representation in upper middle layers
  of administration, economic media institutions

Compare with Brief et al
23
Examples of Discrimination

• Societal
• Group differences in
• Poverty
• Imprisonment
• Access to employment, housing, healthcare

24
Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotype
Stephan Stephan 02
25
What are stereotypes

• Associating members of certain groups with
  certain characteristics
• E.g., Perceived to be alike in some way (i.e.
  have similar traits)
• E.g., Most Asians are smart, geeky, have
  similar eye size
• Can be positive or negative
• Can be true/false of group / individual
• Implications for functionality

Stephan Stephan 02
26
Examples of Stereotypes

• Confusing one member of group for another
• Believing them to be similar in personality or
  behavior
• E.g., editors vs. journalists
• Assuming characteristics of individual based on
  group membership
• E.g., assuming your are nanny because you are
  Filipino,
• E.g. Assuming non-Whites are not Canadian
  citizens or were not born in canada

Wongs Globe Mail
27
What are not stereotypes?

• Prejudice
• Negative feelings (e.g., dislike) toward someone
  because of group they belong to
• Discrimination
• Behavior/outcome

Wong in Globe Mail Krauss in NYT
28
What are not stereotypes

• Culturally valid characteristics
• e.g., collectivism
• Asians score higher (in general) on collectivism,
  
• Any single Asian may not score higher than a
  non-Asian on collectivism
• Scores on collectivism can be reliably measured
• Scores on collectivism are related to important
  other characteristics

29
What is racism/prejudice?

• Negative attitudes
• Negative evaluations feelings
• E.g., Evaluations They are bad
• Feelings I hate..
• Stephan Stephan 02
• Compare w/Human Rights doc definitions
• Racism vs. prejudice has notion of power
• Sociologically based

30
Prejudice
Negative Feelings
Negative Thoughts
Negative Associations
Stereotypes
Positive Associations
31
Todays learning

• A brief history of visible minority groups in
  Canada
• What will be the nature of Canadas population?
• Compare contrast the concepts of
• Race
• Stereotyping
• Prejudice
• Discrimination