Lecture Topic - Hydrology Introduction to Hydrology Reservoir Storage CE-321

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Lecture Topic - HydrologyIntroduction to
HydrologyReservoir Storage CE-321

• Introduction to Environmental Engineering

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HYDROGRAPH
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Reservoir Storage
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• Water Storage PROBLEMS in Alaska

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Reservoir Storage
Water Storage - Reservoir

• Predicting the capacity of a reservoir
• Tabular Method
• Graphic Method
• Two examples

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Reservoir Storage

• Tabular Method

Month Inflow (I) (MG/mi2/mo) OutFlow (O) (MG/mi2/mo) Cumulative Inflow (Graphical) (MG/mi2) Deficiency I O (MG/mi2) Cumulative Deficiency
Feb 31.0        
Mar 54.0        
Apr 90.0        
May 10.0        
Jun 7.0        
Jul 8.0        
Aug 2.0        
Sep 28.0        
Oct 42.0        
Nov 108.0        
Dec 98.0        
Jan 22.0        
Feb 50.0        
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Reservoir Storage

• Tabular Method

Month Inflow (I) (MG/mi2/mo) OutFlow (O) (MG/mi2/mo) Cumulative Inflow (Graphical) (MG/mi2) Deficiency I O (MG/mi2) Cumulative Deficiency (MG/mi2)
Feb 31.0 37.3      
Mar 54.0 37.3      
Apr 90.0 37.3      
May 10.0 37.3      
Jun 7.0 37.3      
Jul 8.0 37.3      
Aug 2.0 37.3      
Sep 28.0 37.3      
Oct 42.0 37.3      
Nov 108.0 37.3      
Dec 98.0 37.3      
Jan 22.0 37.3      
Feb 50.0 37.3      
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Reservoir Storage

• Tabular Method

Month Inflow (I) (MG/mi2/mo) OutFlow (O) (MG/mi2/mo) Cumulative Inflow (Graphical) (MG/mi2) Deficiency I O (MG/mi2) Cumulative Deficiency
Feb 31.0 37.3      
Mar 54.0 37.3      
Apr 90.0 37.3      
May 10.0 37.3      
Jun 7.0 37.3      
Jul 8.0 37.3      
Aug 2.0 37.3 202.0    
Sep 28.0 37.3 230.0    
Oct 42.0 37.3 272.0    
Nov 108.0 37.3 380.0    
Dec 98.0 37.3 478.0    
Jan 22.0 37.3 500.0    
Feb 50.0 37.3 550.0    
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Reservoir Storage

• Tabular Method

Month Inflow (I) (MG/mi2/mo) OutFlow (O) (MG/mi2/mo) Cumulative Inflow (Graphical) (MG/mi2) Deficiency I O (MG/mi2) Cumulative Deficiency
Feb 31.0 37.3      
Mar 54.0 37.3      
Apr 90.0 37.3      
May 10.0 37.3      
Jun 7.0 37.3      
Jul 8.0 37.3      
Aug 2.0 37.3 202.0 -35.3 -122.2
Sep 28.0 37.3 230.0 -9.3 -131.5
Oct 42.0 37.3 272.0 4.7 -126.8
Nov 108.0 37.3 380.0 70.7 -56.1
Dec 98.0 37.3 478.0 60.7 0.0
Jan 22.0 37.3 500.0 -15.3 -15.3
Feb 50.0 37.3 550.0 12.7 -2.6
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Reservoir Storage

• Tabular Method

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Month Inflow (I) (MG/mi2/mo) OutFlow (O) (MG/mi2/mo) Cumulative Inflow (Graphical) (MG/mi2) Deficiency I O (MG/mi2) Cumulative Deficiency
Feb 31.0 37.3 31.0 -6.3 -6.3
Mar 54.0 37.3 85.0 16.7 0.0
Apr 90.0 37.3 175.0 52.7 0.0
May 10.0 37.3 185.0 -27.3 -27.3
Jun 7.0 37.3 192.0 -30.3 -59.6
Jul 8.0 37.3 200.0 -29.3 -86.9
Aug 2.0 37.3 202.0 -35.3 -122.2
Sep 28.0 37.3 230.0 -9.3 -131.5
Oct 42.0 37.3 272.0 4.7 -126.8
Nov 108.0 37.3 380.0 70.7 -56.1
Dec 98.0 37.3 478.0 60.7 0.0
Jan 22.0 37.3 500.0 -15.3 -15.3
Feb 50.0 37.3 550.0 12.7 -2.6
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Reservoir Storage

• To construct
• Plot Monthly Flow, Cumulative - Line OA
• Construct a Draft Line, used for comparison -
  Line OC

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Reservoir Storage

• Tangents are constructed Parallel to OC
• When the slope of OA is less than that of the
  tangents the reservoir volume is decreasing
• When the slope is greater the volume is
  increasing
• The distance between adjacent tangents represents
  the volume added or withdrawn during the
  intervening period
• The largest withdrawal would indicate the
  capacity of the a reservoir needed to serve a
  community.

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Reservoir Storage
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Reservoir Storage
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Reservoir Storage

• In both cases you look for data during a drought
  period

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Class Problem
DRAFT 2.0 m3/s (flow to meet water demand) DRAFT 2.0 m3/s (flow to meet water demand) DRAFT 2.0 m3/s (flow to meet water demand) 28 day month 28 2419200 sec/28 day month
2 30 day month 30 2592000 sec/30 day month
31 day month 31 2678400 sec/31 day month
Month Inflow (I) (m3/s) Inflow (I) (m3/month) OutFlow (O) (Draft) (m3/month) Cumulative Inflow (m3) (Graphical) Deficiency I - O (m3) Cumulative Deficiency (m3)
Aug (31) 1.70          
Sep 1.56          
Oct (31) 1.56          
Nov 2.04          
Dec (31) 2.35          
Jan (31) 2.89          
Feb (28) 9.57          
March (31) 17.70          
April 16.40          
May (31) 6.83          
June 3.74          
July (31) 1.60          
Aug (31) 1.13          
Sept 1.13          
Oct (31) 1.42          
Nov 1.98          
Dec (31) 2.12          
Jan (31) 1.78          
Feb (28) 1.95          
March (31) 7.25          
April 24.70          
May (31) 6.26          
June 8.92          
July (31) 3.57          
Aug (31) 1.98          
Sept 1.95          
Oct (31) 3.09          
Nov 3.94          
Dec (31) 12.70          
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DRAFT 2.0 m3/s (flow to meet water demand) DRAFT 2.0 m3/s (flow to meet water demand) DRAFT 2.0 m3/s (flow to meet water demand) 28 day month 28 2419200 sec/28 day month
2 30 day month 30 2592000 sec/30 day month
31 day month 31 2678400 sec/31 day month
Month Inflow (I) (m3/s) Inflow (I) (m3/month) OutFlow (O) (Draft) (m3/month)      
Aug (31) 1.70 4.55E06 5.36E06  
Sep 1.56  
Oct (31) 1.56      
Nov 2.04      
Dec (31) 2.35      
Jan (31) 2.89      
Feb (28) 9.57      
March (31) 17.70      
April 16.40      
May (31) 6.83      
June 3.74      
July (31) 1.60      
Aug (31) 1.13      
Sept 1.13 2.93E06 5.18E06      
Oct (31) 1.42 3.80E06 5.36E06      
Nov 1.98 5.13E06 5.18E06      
Dec (31) 2.12 5.68E06 5.36E06      
Jan (31) 1.78 4.77E06 5.36E06      
Feb (28) 1.95 4.72E06 4.84E06      
March (31) 7.25 1.94E07 5.36E06      
April 24.70 6.40E07 5.18E06      
May (31) 6.26 1.68E07 5.36E06      
June 8.92 2.31E07 5.18E06      
July (31) 3.57 9.56E06 5.36E06      
Aug (31) 1.98 5.30E06 5.36E06      
Sept 1.95 5.05E06 5.18E06      
Oct (31) 3.09 8.28E06 5.36E06      
Nov 3.94 1.02E07 5.18E06      
Dec (31) 12.70 3.40E07 5.36E06      
 
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Month Inflow (I) (m3/s) Inflow (I) (m3/month) OutFlow (O) (Draft) (m3/month) Cumulative Inflow (m3) (Graphical) Deficiency I - O (m3) Cumulative Deficiency (m3)
Aug (31) 1.70 4.55E06 5.36E06 4.55E06
Sep 1.56    
Oct (31) 1.56    
Nov 2.04    
Dec (31) 2.35    
Jan (31) 2.89    
Feb (28) 9.57    
March (31) 17.70    
April 16.40    
May (31) 6.83    
June 3.74    
July (31) 1.60    
Aug (31) 1.13    
Sept 1.13 2.93E06 5.18E06 1.83E08    
Oct (31) 1.42 3.80E06 5.36E06 1.87E08    
Nov 1.98 5.13E06 5.18E06 1.92E08    
Dec (31) 2.12 5.68E06 5.36E06 1.98E08    
Jan (31) 1.78 4.77E06 5.36E06 2.03E08    
Feb (28) 1.95 4.72E06 4.84E06 2.07E08    
March (31) 7.25 1.94E07 5.36E06 2.27E08    
April 24.70 6.40E07 5.18E06 2.91E08    
May (31) 6.26 1.68E07 5.36E06 3.08E08    
June 8.92 2.31E07 5.18E06 3.31E08    
July (31) 3.57 9.56E06 5.36E06 3.40E08    
Aug (31) 1.98 5.30E06 5.36E06 3.46E08    
Sept 1.95 5.05E06 5.18E06 3.51E08    
Oct (31) 3.09 8.28E06 5.36E06 3.59E08    
Nov 3.94 1.02E07 5.18E06 3.69E08    
Dec (31) 12.70 3.40E07 5.36E06 4.03E08    
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Month Inflow (I) (m3/s) Inflow (I) (m3/month) OutFlow (O) (Draft) (m3/month) Cumulative Inflow (m3) (Graphical) Deficiency I - O (m3) Cumulative Deficiency (m3)
Aug (31) 1.70 4.55E06 5.36E06 4.55E06 -803520.00  
Sep 1.56  
Oct (31) 1.56  
Nov 2.04  
Dec (31) 2.35  
Jan (31) 2.89  
Feb (28) 9.57  
March (31) 17.70  
April 16.40  
May (31) 6.83  
June 3.74  
July (31) 1.60  
Aug (31) 1.13  
Sept 1.13 2.93E06 5.18E06 1.83E08 -2255040.00  
Oct (31) 1.42 3.80E06 5.36E06 1.87E08 -1553472.00  
Nov 1.98 5.13E06 5.18E06 1.92E08 -51840.00  
Dec (31) 2.12 5.68E06 5.36E06 1.98E08 321408.00  
Jan (31) 1.78 4.77E06 5.36E06 2.03E08 -589248.00  
Feb (28) 1.95 4.72E06 4.84E06 2.07E08 -120960.00  
March (31) 7.25 1.94E07 5.36E06 2.27E08 14061600.00  
April 24.70 6.40E07 5.18E06 2.91E08 58838400.00  
May (31) 6.26 1.68E07 5.36E06 3.08E08 11409984.00  
June 8.92 2.31E07 5.18E06 3.31E08 17936640.00  
July (31) 3.57 9.56E06 5.36E06 3.40E08 4205088.00  
Aug (31) 1.98 5.30E06 5.36E06 3.46E08 -53568.00  
Sept 1.95 5.05E06 5.18E06 3.51E08 -129600.00  
Oct (31) 3.09 8.28E06 5.36E06 3.59E08 2919456.00  
Nov 3.94 1.02E07 5.18E06 3.69E08 5028480.00  
Dec (31) 12.70 3.40E07 5.36E06 4.03E08 28658880.00  
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Month Inflow (I) (m3/s) Inflow (I) (m3/month) OutFlow (O) (Draft) (m3/month) Cumulative Inflow (m3) (Graphical) Deficiency I - O (m3) Cumulative Deficiency (m3)
Aug (31) 1.70 4.55E06 5.36E06 4.55E06 -803520.00 -803520.00 
Sep 1.56  
Oct (31) 1.56  
Nov 2.04  
Dec (31) 2.35  
Jan (31) 2.89  
Feb (28) 9.57  
March (31) 17.70  
April 16.40  
May (31) 6.83  
June 3.74  
July (31) 1.60  
Aug (31) 1.13  
Sept 1.13 2.93E06 5.18E06 1.83E08 -2255040.00 -5656608.00
Oct (31) 1.42 3.80E06 5.36E06 1.87E08 -1553472.00 -7210080.00
Nov 1.98 5.13E06 5.18E06 1.92E08 -51840.00 -7261920.00
Dec (31) 2.12 5.68E06 5.36E06 1.98E08 321408.00 -6940512.00
Jan (31) 1.78 4.77E06 5.36E06 2.03E08 -589248.00 -7529760.00
Feb (28) 1.95 4.72E06 4.84E06 2.07E08 -120960.00 -7.65E06
March (31) 7.25 1.94E07 5.36E06 2.27E08 14061600.00 0.00
April 24.70 6.40E07 5.18E06 2.91E08 58838400.00 0.00
May (31) 6.26 1.68E07 5.36E06 3.08E08 11409984.00 0.00
June 8.92 2.31E07 5.18E06 3.31E08 17936640.00 0.00
July (31) 3.57 9.56E06 5.36E06 3.40E08 4205088.00 0.00
Aug (31) 1.98 5.30E06 5.36E06 3.46E08 -53568.00 -53568.00
Sept 1.95 5.05E06 5.18E06 3.51E08 -129600.00 -183168.00
Oct (31) 3.09 8.28E06 5.36E06 3.59E08 2919456.00 0.00
Nov 3.94 1.02E07 5.18E06 3.69E08 5028480.00 0.00
Dec (31) 12.70 3.40E07 5.36E06 4.03E08 28658880.00 0.00
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