Overwiew of the sugar and ethanol industries in Brazil Prof. Dr. Edgar G. F. de Beauclair - egfbeauc@esalq.usp.br Dra. Raffaella Rossetto - raffaella@apta.sp.gov.br - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Overwiew of the sugar and ethanol industries in Brazil Prof. Dr. Edgar G. F. de Beauclair - egfbeauc@esalq.usp.br Dra. Raffaella Rossetto - raffaella@apta.sp.gov.br

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Title: Overwiew of the sugar and ethanol industries in Brazil Prof. Dr. Edgar G. F. de Beauclair - egfbeauc@esalq.usp.br Dra. Raffaella Rossetto - raffaella@apta.sp.gov.br


1
Overwiew of the sugar and ethanol industries in
BrazilProf. Dr. Edgar G. F. de Beauclair -
egfbeauc_at_esalq.usp.brDra. Raffaella Rossetto -
raffaella_at_apta.sp.gov.br
2

Sugarcane in Brazil 2007
6 MILLIONS HECTARES
470 MILLIONS TONS OF CANE
29 MILLIONS TONS OF SUGAR
17 BILLIONS LITERS OF ETHANOL
83 TON. SUGARCANE/ha
Fonte Estimativas Nastari, 2007
Fonte ORPLANA 2006
3

Sugarcane in São Paulo state, 2007
3 MILLIONS HECTARES
265 MILLIONS TONS OF CANE
19,5 MILLIONS TONS OF SUGAR
11 BILLIONS LITERS OF ETHANOL
90 TON. SUGARCANE/ha
SourceUNICA. 2007
Source IEA, 2008
4
BRAZILIAN ENERGY BASE
Renewable sources 44.5
Gilberto Ribeiro de Carvalho - PETROBRAS
Fonte MME, BEN 2006
5
Brazilian plants
Brazil has 357 plants that produces sugar,
ethanol and some of them also produce electric
energy using bagasse
Untill 2010 will be installed more 88 mills 19
in 2007/08 36 in 2008/09 33 in 2009/10 Total
investment US 17 billions
6
Barralcool Mill Barra do Bugres, MT has
30,000 ha of sugarcane, capacity of 14,000 t/day
of sugarcane. The first in Brazil to produce
sugar, ethanol, energy and biodiesel
Bioediesel Plant
7
Sugarcane areas in Brazil
Amazon forest
Pantanal wetlands
Atlantic coast forest
8
Sugar and Ethanol Industries in Brazil, 2007
9
Sugarcane production and needs of irrigation
High Medium Low Unproperly
Fonte Ministério da Agricultura
10
South Center Brazils sugarcane mills
Fonte CTC/UNICA
11
Sugar Cane Estimative Area in the State of São
Paulo (2005 2015)
12
Areas for agriculture expansion in Brazil
106 millions hectares for agriculture
13
Source Glencore
14
Estimate increase in Brazilian sugarcane
production
Milions of ton.
559
600
521
487
455
500
427
403
225 40
217 42
400
210 43
203 45
200 47
198 49
300
200
334 60
304 58
277 57
252 55
227 53
205 51
100
0
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
Increase of 30 millions t/year
For sugar
For Ethanoll
15
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16
Brazils sugar exportation
Fonte Ministério da Agricultura
17
BRAZILIAN ETHANOL PROGRAM
1975 high oil import costs low world sugar
prices
  • Federal government promoted Ethanol production
    for blending-E20
  • Credit guarantees and low interest loans for new
    distilleries
  • State trading enterprise began purchasing ethanol
    at high prices
  • A marketing program
  • Petrobras ethanol distribution throughtout the
    country

RESULTS - Between 1975 and 1979, ethanol
production increased more than 500.
18
BRAZILIAN ETHANOL PROGRAM
1979 Brazilian Government signed agreements
with car companies for 100 ethanol powered cars
RESULTS Fiat, VW, MB,GM and Toyota produced
250,000 ethanol powered cars in
1980 350,000 in 1982
1985 Troublesome period World oil prices
dropped - reducing the benefit of replacing oil
imports with ethanol. Brazil faced serious
inflation problems and began a series of economic
reforms. Differential price between ethanol and
gasoline was eliminated. Differenciated loans for
the construction of new distilleries were cut.
19
BRAZILIAN ETHANOL PROGRAM
1990 Low profile for Brazils ethanol program
Government required that all gasoline sold in
Brazil contained E20
End of 1990s agreementes among Brazilian
government and auto manufacturers for development
of flex fuel vehicles. 2001 Government
proposed a preferential tax for flex or ethanol
fueled vehicles, a 14 sales tax, as compared to
a 16 sales tax on non-ethanol fueled cars.
RESULT - Ford launched the first flex fuel
prototype in 2002, with VW following in 2003.
20
First Brazilian car fuelled by a blend of
ethanol and gasoline - 1925
Ethanol
21
Brazilian Ethanol Production (1993 2007)
10³ L
22
Productivity gains
23
Ethanol uses in Brazil
40 of the fuel used in light vehicles
17 billions L / year
77 as fuel
5 in food and perfume industries, and ethanol
derived chemicals,
18 exported
Anhydrous ethanol - to blend with gasoline (20
-25) Gasoline C
Hydrous ethanol - directly as fuel. Flex
Fueled vehicles
24
Flex fuel vehicles in Brazil
88 on July/2007
Source Anfavea
25
Market ProjectionFuel Ethanol - Brazil
26
Source Glencore
27
Ethanol exported from Brazil
Fonte Ministério da Agricultura
28
Brazilian ethanol exports 2006/07
countries Ethanol (m3)
South Africa 2,006
Angola 3,178
Canada 18,855
Colombia 10,320
South Coreia 92,273
Costa Rica 91,265
El Salvador 181,143
United States 1,767,060
France 8,900
Ghana 6,075
India 10,074
Jamaica 131,643
Japan 225,403
Mexico 50,241
Nigeria 42,680
Holand 346,616
Sweden 204,614
Venezuela 104,606
Other countries 129,905
TOTAL 3,426,857
Source
29
Industrial Fermentation Process Evolution
1977
2007
Parameters
Fermentation gains
75 - 80
90 - 92
Destilation gains
95
gt99
Wine Contamination (n. bacteries)
108-109/mL
105-106/mL
Fermentation time
18 - 22 h
6 - 10 h
Yeast Recirculation
70
gt90
Yeast in the wine
4-6
8-17
30
Ethanol production costs and energy balance
Retail Prices US/gallon
Gasoline 3.03
Ethanol corn
USA 4,9 billion galllons
US production costs 1.09 per gallon
Ethanol 2.62
Energy balance
11.3
3.71 energy equivalent
Gasoline (E25) 4.91
Ethanol sugarcane
BRAZIL 4 billion galllons
BR production costs 0.87 per gallon
Ethanol 2.92
Energy balance
1 8
3.88 energy equivalent
Energy balance is the fossil fuel energy used to
make fuel (input) compared with the energy in the
fuel (output)
Source R. Covey, National Geographic, 2007
31
Hydrolisis process
Dedinis prototype 5000L/day
Concentrated acid
Chemical hydrolisis
Pre-treatment
Diluted acid
Enzimatic hydrolisis
TECNOLOGIA DHR
Organic solvent
32
ETHANOL PRODUCTION USING BAGASSE
Potencial for conversion of Bagasse in ethanol
33
New technologies for ethanol production Bagasse
hidrolysis
2007 2007 2015 2015 2025 2025
Technology l/tc l/ha l/tc l/ha l/tc l/ha
Conventional 85 6,500 100 8,200 109 10,400
Hydrolise - - 14 1,100 37 3,500
Total 85 6,500 114 9,300 146 13,900
34
Estimates for total ethanol consumption
Ethanol demands
mil m3


Internal market ()
Fuel
Industry
Exports
Total
2004
12,434
818
13,252
2,400
15,652
2005
13,084
847
13,931
2,500
16,431
2006
14,122
881
15,003
2,700
17,703
2007
15,512
907
16,420
3,230
19,650
2008
16,979
934
17,913
3,780
21,693
2009
18,521
962
19,483
4,330
23,813
2010
20,210
991
21,201
5,000
26,201
() do not include estimates for biodiesel
production and ethanol byproducts
35
Sugarcane energy x oil energy
150 kg of sugar ------
2,400 MJ
140 kg of bagasse ------
2,500 MJ
140 kg of straw ------
2,500 MJ
1 barrel oil 6,000 MJ
1 ton sugarcane stalks 7,400 MJ
1 ton of sugarcane
1,25
barrel of oil
85 tons sugarcane/ha
630GJ / ha or 105 barrel
of oil
470 millions tons sugarcane
587 millions barrel of
oil
36
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37
Electric and Mechanical Energy generation
Mills and distilleries also generated 11.3 TWh of
electric and mechanical power, most of it for
self consumption. That is equivalent to 3 of
the electric power consumed in the country.
The use of bagasse as a fuel is equivalent to
20.2 M tons of oil
38
ENERGY from sugarcane biomass
(MW/year)
Energy used to produce sugar and ethanol
1.500
Energy excess, actually sold as electric energy

620
Energy potencial with actual technologies
6.000 a 8.000
New technologies and increasing areas of
sugarcane (5-10 years)

15.000 a 22.000
Fonte Aneel/Unica
39
Usina Santa Cândida / SP 32MW
Fotos Koblitz
40
GHG EMISSIONS BY THE SECTOR
  • GHG emissions avoided by the sector in 2003 were
    as follows
  • - for ethanol replacing gasoline 27.5
    million tons of CO2 equivalent
  • for cane bagasse replacing fossil fuel in sugar
    production
  • 5.7 million tons of CO2 equivalent.

For every additional 100 million tons of
sugar-cane, 12.6 million tons of CO2 equivalent
worth of emissions could be avoided over the next
few years using ethanol, the bagasse and the
additional electric power surplus.
41
Conclusions
Since 1975, when Brazilian Ethanol Program was
launched, it remains the largest commercial
application of biomass for energy production and
use in the world
Over the last 22 years, savings amounted to 1,8
billion US/year with the replacement of
200,000 barrels of gasoline/day
Social Impacts - More than 720,000 direct jobs
and 200,000 indirect jobs in rural areas
decreasing social and environmental disruption in
big cities
42
Conclusions
With high oil prices (gt US40/barrel) With low
oil prices (lt US40/barrel)
Economic incentive for Ethanol Program Ethanol
Program depend upon its contri- bution to curb
the greenhouse effect
New sugar mill and distilleries plants will
produce sugar, ethanol, eletric energy,
Biodiesel, sucrose byproducts and ethanol from
sugarcane biomass. Future - new technologies
bagasse and trash gasification and hydrolisis,
Industrial automation, fermentation process
yeast breeding, precision agriculture,
genetically modified sugarcane.
Brazil is interested in establishing a global
market for ethanol as a traded commodity.
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