Water Use Efficiency

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Water Use Efficiency

• Ratio of amount of water beneficially used to the
  amount of water delivered or withdrawn (hydraulic
  definition)
• Mass or value of agricultural produce per unit
  amount of water withdrawn (other definition)

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Water Use Efficiency (contd)

• Degree by which the use of water withdrawn from a
  given source for whatever purpose is maximized
  (practical definition)
• Implies minimization of losses during conveyance
  and application

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Technologies and Practices for Improving Water
Use Efficiency
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Technologies and Practices

• Drip irrigation
• Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD)
• Conservation Agriculture (Biological
  Engineering)
• Proper irrigation water management at the farm
  and system level

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Technologies and Practices (contd)

• Irrigation by demand or by rotation
• Improvement of conveyance and water delivery
  system
• Development of minor irrigation systems

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Technologies and Practices (contd)

• Optimal water resources allocation
• Water recycling and reuse
• Water conservation and sustainable water
  resources management

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Issues and Problems

• Lack of relevant research on efficient, effective
  and appropriate irrigation water management
  technologies
• Lack of financial and institutional support

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Issues and Problems (contd.)

• Absence or inadequate water control and hydraulic
  structures
• Social and organizational problems
• Poor maintenance of existing irrigation systems
  (NIS and CIS)

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Issues and Problems in Irrigation (contd.)

• Low priority given to minor irrigation systems
  (STWs, LLPs, SFRs)
• Failure to fully implement AFMA

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Relevant Provisions of the Agriculture and
Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997 (R.A.
8435)

• NIA is mandated by AFMA to plan, design, develop,
  rehabilitate and improve the National Irrigation
  Systems
• The planning, design and management of communal
  irrigation systems are to be devolved to LGUs
  with NIA providing technical assistance

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The Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
(AFMA) of 1997 (R.A. 8435) contd.

• DA is mandated by AFMA to formulate and develop a
  plan to promote minor irrigation systems e.g.
  STWs and LLPs
• AFMA stipulates that irrigation research and
  development shall be pursued and priority shall
  be given to the development of effective,
  appropriate and efficient irrigation and water
  management technologies

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The Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
(AFMA) of 1997 (R.A. 8435) contd.

• DA is mandated by AFMA to coordinate with DENR in
  the preservation and rehabilitation of watersheds
  to support irrigation systems

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RECOMMENDATIONS

• Continued research and development on efficient
  irrigation technologies and practices
• Provision of adequate institutional and financial
  support for research and technology promotion
• Provision of the necessary water control
  structures in existing irrigation systems

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RECOMMENDATIONS (contd.)

• Proper design of new irrigation systems to
  incorporate measures for increasing water use
  efficiency
• Organization and/or strengthening of irrigators
  association
• Capacity building for all water users
• Prioritization of minor irrigation systems

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RECOMMENDATIONS (contd.)

• Better coordination among agencies, organizations
  and other entities that develop, manage and use
  water resources in the country
• Revisit and implement the provisions of AFMA that
  are geared towards water use efficiency
• Better policies on water resources utilization in
  the Philippines
• Sustainable water resources management

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Thank You!
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Contact Information

• Dr. Victor B. Ella
• Professor
• College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial
  Technology
• University of the Philippines Los Baños
• College, Laguna
• Tel/Fax [phone]
• E-mail vbella_at_up.edu.ph or
• vbella100_at_yahoo.com