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Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian

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Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian Dr. Donny Widianto Prof.Dr. S. Margino Dr. Andi Trisyono Dr. Taryono Rencana Perkuliahan Pustaka Acuan Glick, B.R. and J.J. Pasternak ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian


1
Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian
  • Dr. Donny Widianto
  • Prof.Dr. S. Margino
  • Dr. Andi Trisyono
  • Dr. Taryono

2
Rencana Perkuliahan
No. Topik Kuliah Tanggal Dosen
1. Pendahuluan Definisi Bioteknologi Sejarah Perkembangan Biotek Peranan Bioteknologi 03-09-2004 Dr.Ir. Donny Widianto
2. DNA sebagai bahan genetik Sejarah penemuan DNA Struktur DNA Replikasi, transkripsi, dan translasi 10-09-2004 Dr.Ir. Andi T., M.Sc.
3. Struktur gen dan ekspresinya Gen pada sel prokariot Gen pada sel eukariot 17-09-2004 Dr.Ir. Donny Widianto
3
4. Dasar-dasar kloning gen Definisi kloning gen Enzym restriksi, vector, dan inang Isolasi, pemotongan, dan penyambungan DNA Transformasi dan seleksi 24-09-2004 Dr.Ir. Donny Widianto
5. Metode Perakitan Mikroba Rekombinan 01-10-2004 Prof.Dr.Ir. S. Margino
6. Perbanyakan Mikroba Rekombinan Fermentasi substrat cait Fermentasi substrat padat 08-1-2004 Prof.Dr.Ir. S. Margino
7. Ujian Sisipan 15-10-2004
8. Perbanyakan tanaman secara in-vitro Definisi Bahan perbanyakan Teknik perbanyakan Variasi somaklonal Fusi protoplas dan hibridisasi somatic 22-10-2004 Dr.Ir. Taryono, M.Sc.
4
9. Metode perakitan tanaman transgenik 29-10-2004 Dr.Ir. Taryono, M.Sc.
10. Bioteknologi Perlindungan Tanaman 05-11-2004 Dr.Ir. Y. Andi T., M.Sc.
11. Bioteknologi Pemuliaan Tanaman 12-11-2004 Dr.Ir. Taryono, M.Sc.
12. Bioteknologi Lingkungan 26-11-2004 Prof.Dr.Ir. S. Margino
13. Keamanan, Pengaturan, dan HaKI organisme terekayasa secara genetik 03-12-2004 Dr.Ir. Andi T., M.Sc.
14. Ujian Akhir Jadual fakultas
5
Pustaka Acuan
  • Glick, B.R. and J.J. Pasternak. 1994. Molecular
    Biotechnology Principles and application of
    recombinant DNA. American Society for
    Microbiology, Washington, DC.
  • Watson, J.D., M. Gilman, J. Witkowski, and M.
    Zoller. 1992. Recombinant DNA. Scientific
    American Books, New York, USA.
  • Mantell, S.H., J.A. Matthews, and R.A. McKee.
    1985. Principles of Plant Biotechnology an
    introduction to genetic engineering in plants.
    Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
  • Brown, C.M., I. Campbell, and F.G. Friest. 1987.
    Introduction to Biotechnology. Blackwell
    Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
  • Smith, J.E. 1985. Biotechnology Principles. Van
    Nostrand Reinhold Co Ltd., Berkshire, UK.
  • Drlica, K. 1984. Understanding DNA and Gene
    Cloning. John Wiley Sons Inc., New York, USA.

6
The Latest Biotech News
Monsanto halts GM wheat (May 10, 2004)
  • Responding to lack of market support, Monsanto
  • halts their Roundup Ready wheat program
  • Will wait until sentiment changes

EU Approves New Biotech Corn Product (May 19,
2004)
  • Syngenta allowed to market products containing
  • Bt-11 insect resistant corn
  • First new biotech product approved in EU in five
    years
  • But company decides not to market the product
  • because of user concerns

7
What is biotechnology?
  • Any commercial use or alteration of organisms,
    cells and biological molecules to achieve
    specific, practical goals.
  • Examples (in long use)
  • Selective breeding
  • Use of yeast to make wine
  • Current techniques
  • Genetic engineering modification of genetic
    material to achieve specific goals

8
What is Biotechnology?
How about some definitions
General Definition
The application of technology to improve a
biological organism
Detailed Definition
The application of the technology to modify
the biological function of an organism by
adding genes from another organisms
9
BIOTEKNOLOGI
Penggunaan mahluk hidup atau bagian-bagiannya
untuk menghasilkan barang atau jasa secara
industri
10
Mikrobiologi
Biokimia
Biologi Molekular
Biologi Sel
Genetika Molekular
Rekayasa Proses
Bioteknologi
Diagnosa Kesehatan
Industri Kimia
Industri Fermentasi
Industri Farmasi
Lingkungan dan Energi
Industri Pangan dan Pakan
11
Goals of Biotechnology
  • To understand more about the processes of
    inheritance and gene expression
  • To provide better understanding treatment of
    various diseases, particularly genetic disorders
  • To generate economic benefits, including improved
    plants and animals for agriculture and efficient
    production of valuable biological molecules
  • Example Vitamin A fortified engineered rice
    (Chapter-opening case study)

12
Sejarah Perkembangan
  • 1750 B.C. Sumerians Brew Beer
  • 1944 DNA confirmed as genetic material
  • 1967 First protein synthesized by automation
  • 1973 First recombinant DNA experiment by Cohen
    and Boyer
  • 1973 Voluntary moratorium on certain cloning
    experiments
  • 1974 Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee founded
    at NIH
  • 1976 NIH Guidelines established
  • 1980 Boyer Cohen patent issued (shared equally
    between Boyer, UCSF, Cohen, and Stanford)
  • 1982 1st animal vaccine made by DNA recombinant
    technology
  • 1985 DNA Finger printing by Alec Jeffreys

13
  • 1987 First authorized field test of a
    GMO-Frostban, Adv. Genetic Sciences
  • 1988 PCR developed by K. Mullis
  • 1990 1st Gene Therapy Trials in U.S.
  • 1994 Flavr Savr Tamato- Calgene
  • 1995 1st DNA sequences of free-living organism
    completed
  • 1996 Human Genome Project under way
  • 1997Dolly-First cloned mammal
  • 2000 Human Genome sequence is complete 3 billion
    bases, 2 yrs ahead of schedule
  • 2001 Copy Cat, Cloning pets for profit.
  • 2002 First Human Clone?
  • 2003 Dolly is put down, Final version of Human
    DNA Sequence published.

14
  • Jaman sebelum Louis Pasteur
  • Minuman beralkohol, makanan fermentasi
  • Jaman Louis Pasteur
  • Alkohol, asam organik, pengolahan limbah
  • Jaman antibiotika
  • Antibiotika, vaksin, transformasi obat
  • Jaman pasca antibiotika
  • Asam amino, protein sel tunggal, imobilisasi
  • Jaman bioteknologi modern
  • Antibodi monoklonal, rekayasa genetika

15
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