The fishmeal and fish oil industry - engagement towards sustainable production Andrew Jackson International Fishmeal

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The fishmeal and fish oil industry - engagement
towards sustainable production Andrew Jackson
International Fishmeal Fish Oil
Organisation
Friend of the Sea Day Brussels April 2009
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IFFO

• International Fishmeal and Fish Oil
  Organisation, the global trade association
  representing fishmeal and fish oil producers and
  related trades.
• Represents 66 of world production of fishmeal
  and fish oil worldwide with producers in Europe,
  South America, Africa, USA, China, Australia and
  India

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......but more fish are going for direct human
consumption
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Trends in production contributing to increased
sustainability
 

• Precautionary quota setting
• Rights-based fisheries management in Iceland,
  Chile now Peru
• Around 24 of fishmeal today comes from fishery
  by-products guts, fins heads etc
• Much of the remainder comes from short-lived
  pelagic species
• Increased use for human consumption e.g. over
  50 Chilean Jack mackerel go for freezing/canning
• Increasing focus on quality e.g. indirect drying,
  fish oil for human consumption
• Increasing care taken with effluents and emissions

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Changing fishmeal usage by
FAO IFFO Data
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Estimated Global Fishmeal usage in Aquaculture
IFFO Data
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- Average over 11 years
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Growth in Chinese Aquaculture not dependent on
fishmeal
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Summary Fishmeal the growth of aquaculture
 

• Fishmeal supplies are likely to remain tight into
  the future
• The availability price of fishmeal has not been
  a limiting factor in aquaculture growth to date
  there is not an unsustainable demand
• Improved processing technology will make better
  vegetable proteins available
• This combined with improving nutritional
  knowledge will allow lower dietary inclusion
  levels as feed volumes grow
• Fishmeal will increasingly become a strategic
  ingredient in specialist diets such as starter,
  broodstock and finisher diets

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Fishmeals conversion efficiency has been
drastically UNDER calculated
 
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Eco-conversion in aquaculture
 

• Many different numbers are used on how many kilos
  of wild fish it takes to produce a kilo of farmed
  fish
• Salmon in particular have come under scrutiny
  with ratios as high as 101
• Tacon Metian (2008) most recently gave a figure
  of 4.91

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Tacon 2008 Table of Eco-efficiency Fish
In-Fish-Out Ratios
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Tacon 2008 Table of Eco-efficiency Fish
In-Fish-Out Ratios
The figure at the bottom is not the weighted
average of the column
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FIFO Ratio for Salmon using the method by Tacon
2008 Using 2006 assumptions
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A new formula for calculating FIFO ratios
So using this formula we can calculate for salmon
the following
So if we go back to our worked example.......
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FIFOs in the worked example
This has been using Tacons assumptions but the
efficiency of fishmeal production has increased
from a yield of 22.5 to 24
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If we now look at the global fishmeal picture we
get the following
So it takes 90kg of fish to produce 1000kg of
product
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However 22 of fishmeal comes from fisheries
by-products therefore
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Conclusions on eco-conversion
 

• The Ratio for farmed salmon is not 101, not 51
  but 1.71 and falling
• The ratio for all fed aquaculture is 0.51 and
  falling
• The ratio for all animal production using
  fishmeal is 0.07 and falling

For every 1 tonne of whole fish caught 14 tonnes
of livestock is produced
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How is the industry proving it is sustainable?
 
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Responsible sourcing of raw materials
 

• The Sustainability Movement is here to stay
• The fishmeal fish oil industry needs to show
  that it is sustainable over the long-term
• The majority of the fishmeal industry is
  continuing in conjunction with governments to do
  a lot to ensure that it is behaving responsibly
• It needs to be able to demonstrate the different
  measures taken regarding responsible sourcing
  using third-party verification

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Issues in the fishmeal world
 

• The two most critical factors that the value
  chain are concerned about are
• Responsible sourcing of the Raw Material
• There are concerns particularly in Europe
  North America that some feed fisheries are not
  being responsibly managed and IUU fish are being
  used
• Product contamination and feed safety
• There have been accusations that fishmeal is
  being contaminated with other animal
  proteins and protein boosters, particularly in
  Asia

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IFFO Responsible Supply Code
 

• IFFO decided that it would develop a Code of
  Conduct to help producers demonstrate the efforts
  they have made to be responsible in these two
  critical areas
• It is a Business-to Business scheme (not an
  eco-label) to help the value chain demonstrate
  due diligence in raw material sourcing
• We have formed a stakeholder Technical Advisory
  Committee to assist us to get it right
• To be credible it will have to involve third
  party verification
• We are looking to make it ISO 65 compliant

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IFFO Responsible Supply Code
 

• To be Code compliant the product must
• Be able to demonstrate that it derives from
  fisheries that are managed under the key elements
  of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible
  Fishing (evidence could be MSC, FOS, RAPFISH,
  ICES. IMARPE etc)
• Come from a factory that can demonstrate that it
  has audited management procedures that avoid the
  use of IUU fish
• Come from a factory that can demonstrate that it
  has audited management procedures that prevent
  contamination during production and storage
  (HACCP,FEMAS,GMP,PDV,IFIS)

Copies of the draft requirements can be made
available
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IFFO Responsible Supply Code
 

• There are some key areas that the first phase of
  the Code will not cover
• The Social Ethical elements of the FAO Code of
  Conduct for Responsible Fishing
• Environmental issues such as effluents and
  emissions
• Traceability from production plant to feed plant
• It is recognised that these are important issues
  and we will consider including them in Phase 2

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IFFO Responsible Supply Code - Timetable
 

• Currently we are undertaking some trial
  pre-assessments followed by trial audits to
  ensure the criteria are delivered
• Results will be presented to our
  multi-stakeholder Technical Advisory Committee
  who will make recommendations to the IFFO Board
• The hope is to open the scheme and have product
  becoming available in the second half of this
  year .