CHAPTER 9 LESSON 3

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CHAPTER 9 LESSON 3 NOTES
THE CRUSADES 1096 - 1291
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• CAUSES FOR THE CRUSADES
• 
  
• Seljuk Muslim Turks invade
• Palestine take Jerusalem threaten
• the Byzantine Empire
• Pope Urban II hopes to heal
• the schism that had occurred between W. and E.
  Christians
• in 1054 and to increase his political power as
  the leader of
• Christendom (kingdom of all Christians)
• W. European knights motivated by piety, land,
  wealth, glory

Peter the Hermit rallying supporters for
the First Crusade
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RESULTS OF THE CRUSADES

• 1st Crusade The Peoples Crusade is
  militarily successful but the Crusaders massacre
  thousands of
• Jews and Muslims living there in
• Jerusalem

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• 3rd Crusade The Kings Crusade
• Frances King Philip Augustus becomes ill and
  returns home H.R. Emperor Barbarossa drowns on
  way is successful only in that Englands King
• Richard the Lionheart
• secures a
• 3-yr. truce (temporary peace) with Muslim General
  
• Saladin
• who allows unarmed Christian
• pilgrims to visit
• Jerusalem

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• 4th Crusade
• Crusaders
• attack and loot the Christian capital,
• Constantinople
• the Byzantine Empire falls to Muslim
• Ottoman Turks who establish the
• Ottoman Empire
• Constantinople is renamed
• Istanbul

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From the movie, Kingdom of Heaven
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EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES

• Cultural diffusion in the West as result of
  trade revival
• Gun powder, catapult, and the
• crossbow are introduced to the West
• There becomes a need for education, leading
  to a need for
• universities, which leads to a new kind of
  learning called
• scholasticism (combining reason and
• faith), leading to the use of the
• vernacular (the everyday language of an area)
  into various European kingdoms leading

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to a monumental rebirth of learning, beginning
first in Italy, and becoming known as
the European Renaissance
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THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR 1337-1453

• A series of conflicts fought between
• England and
• France
• over French lands held by the
• English
• Most noted military leader was
• Joan of Arc of France who successfully led her
  troops against the English at the
• Battle of Orleans, inspiring
• nationalism

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she is captured by the English taken to England
tried as a witch and as a heretic burned at the
stake becomes a martyr is finally canonized
by the Roman Catholic Church in 1920
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• France wins Hundred Years War, leaving only
  the French seaport of Calais in English hands

• Longbows and
• cannons cause
• knights and castles to become obsolete
  (outdated)
• serfdom is weakened by the Black Death
• feudalism declines

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• The Bubonic Plague route to Europe originated
• in China gt
• into the Black Sea area gt to
• Italy on trading ships carrying flea-infested
  rats
• Kills 25 million (1/3 of European population)
• Christian Europeans blame
• Jews for the plague and accuse them of infecting
  the air and water

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• Jews are used as
• scapegoats (those blamed for someone elses
  hardships)
• Thousands of Jews are murdered in
• pogroms (planned massacres) and thousands more
  are burned out of their homes
• anti-Semitism is at an all-time highagain
• Feudalisms practice of
• serfdom declines steeply as peasants die from the
  plague, and those remaining, begin to demand
  better working conditions (a matter of supply and
• demand)