VOLLEYBALL

1
VOLLEYBALL

• LEVEL 2
• Written and edited by Barb Maue, Ed Vesely,
  Nancy Nester, and the IHSA

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CONFLICT RESOLUTION
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CONFLICT RESOLUTION

• RECOGNIZE THE CONFLICT
• DISFUSING THE TIME BOMB - HOW IS IT DONE?
• SHARPEN YOUR SKILLS - WHAT SKILLS ARE NEEDED?

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WHAT IS CONFLICT?

• DIRECT OPPOSITION, A CLASH OR DISAGREEMENT
  BETWEEN PEOPLE
• CONFLIFTS ARE EXPERIENCED AT HOME, WORK, SOCIAL
  RECREATION AND OFFICIATING A CONTEST
• AS LONG AS YOU HAVE PEOPLE DEALING WITH PEOPLE,
  MAKING DECISIONS OR MEETING DEADLINES - YOU WILL
  HAVE CONFLICT

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WHAT TYPE OF CONFLICTS?

• Pre-existing (carry over from previous contest)
• Spontaneous Reaction - reaction in a critical
  time in the contest
• Cumulative Response - series of calls or bad
  breaks that do not favor one team

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RESOLVING CONFLICT

• FOR YEARS PEOPLE IN AUTHORITY JUST TOLD OTHERS
  WHAT TO DO
• NOW, PEOPLE WANT TO BE HEARD AND HAVE A SAY IN
  WHAT IS HAPPENING
• THEREFORE, COMMUNICATION BECOMES VERY IMPORTANT
  IN RESOLVING CONFLICT

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RESOLVING CONFLICT

• APPROACH THE CONFLICT COLLABORATIVELY - WORK WITH
  COACHES AND/OR YOUR PARTNER(S)
• SIMPLE COMMUNICATION IS AT THE HEART OF CONFLICT
  RESOLUTION
• WITH EVERY CONFLICT - ITS A MATTER OF LISTENING
  AND SEEKING TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM
• MUST BE DONE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CONTEST

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LEVELS OF CONFLICT

• INFORMAL - MORE OFTEN HANDLED QUICKER, LESS
  NOTICEABLE BY OTHERS - QUICK COMMENTS TO
  COACHES AND PARTICIPANTS
• FORMAL - NEEDS MORE ATTENTION MORE SKILLS
  NECESSARY TO RESOLVE OR UNDERSTAND WHAT THE
  COACH, PLAYER AND OFFICIAL HAS HEARD OR SEEN

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KEY COMPONENTS IN RESOLVING CONFLICT

• GREAT LISTENING SKILLS
• FLEXIBILITY
• WILLINGNESS TO CHANGE
• AGREE TO DISAGREE

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LISTENING SKILLS

• MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT
• DO NOT INTERRUPT - LET THEM FINISH
• GOOD POSTURE - MAINTAIN A NON-THREATENING POSTION
• MENTALLY REHEARSE SITUATIONS YOU MIGHT BECOME
  EMOTIONAL IN

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FLEXIBILITY

• BE ABLE TO ADJUST TO ANY SITUATION
• DO NOT TRY TO HANDLE THE SITUATION ALONE - USE
  YOUR PARTNER(S)
• UNDERSTAND YOU ARE NOT GOING TO PLEASE EVERYONE -
  AGREE TO DISAGREE - THIS IS A TWO WAY STREET,
  BUT THE OFFICIAL HAS FINAL SAY

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WILLINGNESS TO CHANGE

• GET THE CALL RIGHT - USE YOUR PARTNER(S)
• IF CHANGE IS NECESSARY - MAKE THE CHANGE
• SUPPORT YOUR PARTNER(S) - YOU ARE A TEAM
• UNDERSTAND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF COACHES AND WHAT
  MOTIVATES THEM - COMMUNICATE WITH THEM - KNOW
  YOUR COACH

13
DEFUSING THE SITUATION

• NORMAL CONTEST SITUATIONS WILL NOT BE STOPPED
• USE VISUAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT WITH COACH OR
  PARTICIPANTS
• DIRECT EYE CONTACT OR USE CAUTION SIGN.

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INFORMAL CONFLICT

• USE SHORT VERBAL EXPLANATION
• I HEAR YOU, I WILL WATCH FOR THAT
• I DID NOT SEE IT THAT WAY
• USE HUMOR ONLY WHEN APPROPRIATE - TIMING IS OF
  THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE WITH HUMOR
• MOST OF ALL - KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE

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FORMAL CONFLICT

• CONTEST WILL TEMPORARILY BE STOPPED
• YOU WILL BE DIRECTLY CONFRONTED BY THE COACH. YOU
  MUST EVALUATE COACHS DEGREE OF INTENSITY.
  LISTEN, BE FLEXIBLE, EVALUATE THE SITUATION AND
  MAKE CHANGE IF NECESSARY
• HELP YOUR PARTNER WITH POSITVE INFORMATION - LET
  PARTNER MAKE THE CALL

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FORMAL CONFLICT

• DEFUSE THE SITUATION - DO NOT ABUSE IT - GET
  EVERYONE CALMED DOWN IF POSSIBLE
• ESTABLISH YOUR COMFORT ZONE AND AVOID LETTING A
  COACH INTO YOUR ZONE OF COMFORT
• DO NOT LOSE YOUR COMPOSURE - THIS IS INEXCUSABLE

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FORMAL CONFLICT

• ALWAYS DISPLAY PROPER PHYSICAL DEMEANOR
• GOOD EYE CONTACT
• PROPER POSTURE
• LISTEN RATHER THAN CHALLENGE
• GIVE QUICK PRECISE EXPLANATION AND MOVE FORWARD

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FORMAL CONFLICT

• CLOSE THE SITUATION AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE
• YOU CAN USE THE FOLLOWING COACH, I SAW IT
  DIFFERENTLY THAN THAT
• WE NEED TO GET BACK TO THE CONTEST
• REMEMBER DEFUSE RATHER THAN ABUSE

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Promotion

• Active officials may go for promotion to the next
  level after completing two years at current level
• Registered to Recognized
• Submit application by published deadline
• Submit part 1 test and achieve an 85 on test
• Current rules meeting attendance
• Take part 2 exam on published date and achieve an
  85 on the test
• Evaluations You will need to get 3 letters of
  recommendation to be sent in with your
  application 1 from a certified official, 1 from
  a school, and the 3rd from either a certified
  official or a school.

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Promotion

• Recognized to Certified
• Current rule meeting attendance
• Submit part 1 exam and score at least 90
• Submit application by published deadline
• Achieve an 85 on part 2 exam (which is a closed
  book exam)
• Evaluations You will need to get 3 letters of
  recommendation to be sent in with your
  application 1 from a certified official, 1 from
  a school, and the 3rd from either a certified
  official or a school.

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Official Association Benefits

• Opportunity for education, mentoring and
  socialization
• Weekly or monthly meetings conduct to help
  promote officiating in that sport
• Discussion topics related to current issues
• Discussion of specific situation that occurred
  relating to that sport
• May conduct certified clinics for membership

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State Series Assigning Process

• To be eligible for consideration for assignment
  an official must
• have current certified clinic (6 hour basketball)
• current rules meeting attendance
• not on probation
• availability updated

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State Series Assigning Process

• Assignments are based on the following
• power rating of an official
• percentile ranking of coaches and officials
  ratings
• percentile ranking of top 15 list provided by
  school, assignors and recognized associations
• geographic representation

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State Series Assigning Process

• Power Rating
• total of 40 points 8 points in six areas
• part one exam
• promotion level x-r-c
• previous tournament experience
• coaches and officials ratings
• top 15 list (schools, assignors and associations)
• number of contests worked
• level 2 clinic
• clinic frequency

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State Series Assigning Process

• Information on each official is reviewed before
  assignment to state series
• power rating
• percentile ranking of the officials ratings
• percentile ranking of the officials top 15 list
• promotional level (x-r-c) - years as an official
• previous state series experience
• contest worked (sorted A/AA, boys, girls)
• last clinic - date of rule meeting attendance

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State Series Assigning Process

• Schools are notified electronically of officials
  assigned.
• Officials are notified of their assignment by
  mail or electronically to their own personal site
  if they have notified the IHSA on their personal
  site that they want to be contacted
  electronically of their assignment.

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Communication

• Ask questions
• Frequent eye contact between officials during the
  match
• If necessary, do not be afraid to call an
  officials time out to collaborate with your
  partner
• Always communicate the decisions with coaches,
  captains, and table

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PREVENTIVE OFFICIATING

• Preventive officiating and taking care of little
  things before they become BIG things will make
  your match more enjoyable to work.
• Prematch
• Verify the legality of uniforms and equipment
• Discuss sportsmanship expectations
• Check on rosters and lineups
• Count the number of players on the court and
  compare that with the number on the team roster
• Check playing area for special/unusual ground
  rules

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PREVENTIVE OFFICIATING

• Verify uniform numbers with those on roster
• If using libero, verify uniform numbers
• Look for jewelry, hair devices, or any other
  possible illegal device or embellishment
• Make sure that captain has been designated
• If not recorded, check to see if libero will be
  used
• During play
• Anticipate problems and be on the look out
• When captain is removed, ask coach who will be
  captain
• Warn the serving team of a possible screen
• Use your floor captains to remedy situations
  before they become a problem

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PREVENTIVE OFFICIATING

• Deny a second substitution during the same dead
  ball or time-out
• Correct improper substitution without penalty
  unless excessive
• On a close, but legal, back row player
  violation, give safe sign
• DO NOT ignore the coach have a quick answer
  ready for a questioning coach
• DO NOT let preventive officiating get in the way
  of the flow of the match
• Diffuse small unsportsmanship issues quickly

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INFORMAL (Discreet) SIGNALS used by second
referee

• Make sure to discuss the use of these signals
  with your partner prior to the contest
• Given as discreet signal to first referee DO
  NOT BLOW THE WHISTLE
• To increase visibility during a rally, step
  further to the side of the standard
• ball handling calls out of the sight of the first
  referee
• down ball vs. pancake save
• back-row player foul this can be a delayed call

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INFORMAL SIGNALS used by second referee

• touches by the receiving team on a ball going out
  of bounds
• four hits
• position of setter prior to serve ex. discreet
  signal with his/her hand on each leg to identify
  position (front or back row)
• game/match point place index finger flat
  against the shoulder closest to the serving team

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• Just because you make this discreet signal does
  not mean the first referee will make that call.
  He/she may have seen something differently.
  These situations should be discussed after the
  game. Some officials, as second referee, prefer
  to blow the whistle and make the illegal back row
  player call. This should be discussed with your
  partner. Either way, the call should be made.

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INJURY TIME-OUT

• First referee stops play at earliest possible
  time
• Second referee has timer start clock for 30
  seconds
• Before 30 seconds expires, coach is asked for
  decision
• injured player remains in game
• injured player is replaced
• take a time out, if team has one remaining

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• Resumption of play depend on when injured player
  can be moved
• If delay is long, players shall be allowed to go
  to benches or warm up at safe distance.
• If player can receive proper treatment during the
  injury time-out, the player may remain in the
  game, unless that player was rendered
  unconscious.
• If players uniform has a saturated area of
  blood, the uniform must be changed.
• Ensure proper clean-up

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SECOND REFEREES POSITION AND TRANSITIONING
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STARTING THE RALLY

• When
• On or just before the first referee whistles for
  serve
• Position
• 1-2 meters back from standard
• 1-2 meters on side of receiving team
• Square to court
• Focus
• Receiving team
• Watching for
• Position faults

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TRANSITION TO NET

• When
• On contact of serve
• Position
• 1-2 meters back from standard
• Slightly on side of receiving team
• Focus
• Blockers and the attack zone
• Watching for
• Net violations
• Illegal attacks or blocks
• Center line violations

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DURING ATTACK

• When
• After the set
• Position
• 1-2 meters back from standard
• Slightly on side of blocking team
• Focus
• Along the net
• Watching for
• Net violations
• Touches by blockers

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AFTER THE ATTACK

• When
• As the attackers and blockers land
• Position
• 1-2 meters back from standard
• Slightly on side of blocking team
• Focus
• Along net and centerline
• Watching for
• Net violations
• Centerline violations

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TRANSITION TO OPPOSITE SIDE

• When
• Move quickly after attackers/blockers have landed
  and are under control
• Be in position before 2nd contact
• Position
• 1-2 meters back from standard
• Slightly on side of NEW blocking team
• Focus
• Blockers plus attack zone
• Down and through the net
• Watching for
• Net violations
• Illegal attacks or blocks

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DURING NEXT ATTACK

• When
• After the set
• Position
• 1-2 meters back from standard
• Slightly on side of NEW attacking team
• Focus
• Along the net
• Watching for
• Net violations
• Touches on blockers

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AFTER THE RALLY

• When
• After the whistle
• Position
• Away from the standard
• Square to the court
• Focus
• Along the net
• Through the attack zone to the first referee
• Signaling
• Net violations, touches by defense
• Other appropriate faults OR mimic the first
  referees signal

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BETWEEN RALLIES

• When
• After the signals
• Position
• Moving towards the rally starting position
• Focus
• Scanning from bench to bench
• Pay special attention to receiving team on
  previous rally
• Watching for
• Substitutions
• Timeout requests
• Libero replacements
• Taunting and talking through the net

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

• Always move to the proper side of the net before
  signaling
• HOLD your in/out call. Give it only if the first
  referee asks for your help
• Give a discreet touch signal on ball going out of
  bounds immediately
• Proper position is the key to seeing and making
  the right call, so move quickly
• Always mimic the first referees signals

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Back Row Player Fouls

• Back Row Attack
• Back Row Blocker

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Back Row Attack

• Attack any action other than a block or serve
  that directs the ball toward the opponents
  court. A teams third hit is always considered an
  attack.
• Ball Position
• Completely above the height of the net
• Player Position
• On or in front of the attack line or its
  out-of-bounds extension, OR
• In the air, having left the floor while on or in
  front of the attack line or its out-of-bounds
  extension

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9-5-4

• A back-row player is treated the same no matter
  what circumstances.
• It is now illegal anytime a back-row player on or
  in front of the attack line contacts the ball
  completely above the height of the net and
  completes an attack or the ball is legally
  touched by an opponent.

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• Do not make this call until the ball is
  considered to have crossed the net.
• Ball has crossed the net if
• it has passed completely beyond the vertical
  plane of the net OR
• it is partially over the net and is contacted by
  an opponent OR
• no part of the ball has crossed the net and it is
  legally blocked

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• Tips
• Usually involves setters running 6-2 or 5-1
  offenses . . . Must track setters closely
• May be an intentional play (set to back row
  player) that isnt quite deep enough
• Give the legal back row attack sign (one-handed
  safe sign on side of net involved in play) if a
  questionable play is deemed legal
• It is OK to delay this call may need to confer
  with your second referee

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MISCONCEPTIONS about Back Row Attack

• Jumping determines when a back row attack occurs
• Block negates all back row attacks
• Ball that goes into the opponents court is
  always a back row attack

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Back Row Blocker

• Any back row player who completes a block or
  participates in a completed, collective block
• Block Definition 3 Requirements
• Player is close to the net
• Reaching above the height of the net
• Deflecting a ball coming from the opponents
  court

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Types of Blocks

• Completed Block when the ball is touched by a
  blocker (only front-row players are permitted to
  complete a block)
• Collective Block a block completed by more than
  one blocker in close proximity. (Completed when
  one of the players touches the ball)

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Back Row Blocker

• Tips
• Usually involves setters running 6-2 or 5-1
  offenses . . . Must track setters closely
• DO NOT give safe sign if a close play is deemed
  legal
• It is OK to delay this call may need to confer
  with your second referee
• Know difference between back row blocker vs.
  first team hit (attempted save or pass)
• If the back row players hands are completely
  below the top of the net, play continues and that
  contact is the teams first hit

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MISCONCEPTIONS about Back Row Blocker Fouls

• A ball that comes from the opponents and rebounds
  off of a back row player near the top of the net
  is automatically a back row blocker.
• The back row player must jump for a foul to occur.

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MULTIPLE CONTACTS

• More than 1 contact by a player during 1 attempt
  to play the ball
• Permitted only on any 1st team hit, whether or
  not the ball is touched by the block
• Point of emphasis finger action may be used
• BUT REMEMBER Prolonged contact is illegal on
  ANY hit

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TRACKING PLAYERS

• Watch teams during warm-ups
• Identify the setter(s)
• Make note of the setter(s) on line up card
• Always know the setters position in the line-up
• If running a 6-2 offense, setters are opposite
  each other
• Remember, in a 6-2 offense, there should be 2
  players between each setter
• If running a 5-1 offense, setter will come to the
  net when playing back row

58
TRACKING PLAYERS

• During the interval between serves, quickly note
  player positions
• Some officials check numbers of front row
  players, others use the back row
• This will help you to note if a back row player,
  such as a setter, is coming to the net to play
  the ball.
• Tracking players and identifying illegal
  alignments takes work and preparation
• Ensure libero serves in correct rotation

59
OFFENSIVE ALIGNMENTS

• Discussion and on court demonstration of the
  following
• 4 player receive/front row setter
• 4 player receive/back row setter
• Stack left
• Stack right
• Any other alignments that you may encounter
• Discuss possible areas of overlapping and
  suggestions on tracking players.

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SCREENING

• Players on the serving team shall not take action
  to prevent receivers from seeing the contact of
  the serve and/or the path of the served ball.
• Potential screens
• Player on serving team waves arms, jumps, moves
  sideways or stands close to the server
• When a group of two or more teammates stand close
  together
• A single player moves to block the receivers
  view of the serve

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Things to remember about SCREENING

• The ball must be served directly over the head(s)
  of those doing the screening
• Note the trajectory of the ball. If the ball is
  served high and is easy to react to, no screen is
  called.
• If the serving team members are bent at the waist
  and attempting to give the receivers a visual
  path, there is no screen.

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• If you see a potential screen, use preventive
  officiating and advise the players to move apart.
  They may not realize what they are doing.
• One warning should be enough. After that, make
  the call.
• Learn what to look for. This situation can look
  different from different areas around the court.
• Avoid the misconception that having ones hands
  above the head or out to the side is always
  screening.

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NET PLAY OVER THE NET

• A player shall not contact a ball that is
  completely on the opponents side of the net
  unless the contact is a legal block.
• When is a player considered over the net?
• Cannot take a play away from opponents
• A team must be given an opportunity to use its 3
  allowable hits

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• A player may block a ball that is completely on
  the opponents side of the net when
• Attacking team has had its 3 hits.
• In the officials judgment, the attacking team
  has directed the ball toward the opponents
  court, as in a spike or drive from the backcourt
• Ball is falling near the net, and no member of
  the attacking team can make a play on the ball
• Ball is traveling towards the net and would
  clearly have gone over the net without being
  played by the attacking team (overpass)
• REMEMBER It is never legal to attack a ball that
  is completely on the opponents side of the net

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BENCH CONTROL

• Second Referee closest to bench primary
  responsibility for controlling this area
• Be professional if you show respect, you will
  receive respect
• Build a working rapport
• Use proper mechanics and make the correct call
• Be ready for substitutions and time outs
• Use preventive officiating before a problem
  arises
• Cultivate a positive relationship

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BENCH CONTROL(cont.)

• Stay alert for activity that could become an
  issue.
• If the bench shows disagreement, deal with the
  coach only let the coach deal with any others
  on the bench.
• Be proactive in protecting your partner but
  discuss any disagreement with him/her later.
• If a coach is upset with a controversial call, a
  good approach is a conciliatory but concise
  response such as, I understand coach, but the
  call stands.

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BENCH CONTROL (cont.)

• Sometimes the coach wants to have a BRIEF say and
  be done with it. Let that happen.
• If he/she insists on pursuing the matter, halt
  the disruptive behavior.
• Stay composed.
• Do not get into a confrontation with the coach.
• Issue a card if necessary.
• If card is issued to someone other that the
  coach, be sure to inform the coach.
• Working with the coach leads to better bench
  control.
• Remind coach to be seated prior to beckon of
  serve.

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USE OF LINE JUDGES

• Position One line judge on first referee and
  second referees right straddling the
  intersection of the sideline and end line
• Move to have a clear view of both the end line
  and the sideline
• If server serves from the far-left one-third of
  the court, line judge should move directly back
  and in line with the extension of the left
  sideline. After serve, move back into the proper
  position.

69
LINE JUDGEResponsibilities

• Foot faults at moment of serve
• Indicate if ball does not cross the net entirely
  inside net antennas move, if necessary, to
  judge
• Indicate if ball touches net, net antennas,
  and/or net supports not entirely between the net
  antennas
• Determine if ball is in or out of bounds when it
  lands near any line for which they are responsible

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• Indicate if player touches a ball going out of
  bounds
• Communicate with the first referee when asked,
  when ball touches the ceiling or overhead
  obstruction, if out of view of the officials.

71
LINE JUDGE SIGNALS

1. Obtaining first referees attention
2. Inbounds (2 hands)
3. Out of bounds/antenna violation
4. Ball touched
5. Line violation
6. View of play blocked

72
LIBERO (LEE-buh-ro)

• Defensive specialist with free entry privileges
  and play restrictions
• Coach may designate one per game
• Must wear uniform top that clearly contrasts
  with regular uniform color
• Uniform bottom is similar color to teams
• Designated player remains libero for entire game
  barring injury
• Coach indicates libero on line-up using the
  players libero number

73
LIBERO (LEE-buh-ro)

• Unlimited entries (NOT substitutions)
• May replace any back row player
• One replacement per dead ball
• The player the libero replaced must be the
  player to replace the libero
• Tracked by libero tracker at scorers table
• Entry Procedure
• Always between 10 line and end line
• Start of game second referee indicates OK to
  replace after checking starting line-up
• In game free exchange during dead balls

74
LIBERO (LEE-buh-ro)

• Restrictions on play
• Cannot complete an attack on any ball completely
  above the net
• Cannot fake, attempt, or complete a block
• Cannot play front row
• While in the front zone, cannot overhand finger
  pass a ball to a teammate who completes an attack
  on a ball completely above the net
• Can only serve in one rotation

75
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• When a libero rotates to the front row and the
  officials identify and correct the situation
  prior to the next service contact
• What is the call?

76
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• Illegal alignment (Signal 1) loss of
  rally/point

77
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• If the libero blocks or attempts to block a ball
• What is the call?

78
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• Illegal block - (Signal 9) loss of rally/point

79
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• The libero serves in wrong rotation.
• What is the call?

80
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• Illegal alignment - (Signal 1) loss of
  rally/point

81
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• The libero completes an attack when the ball is
  completely above the height of the net.
• What is the call?

82
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• Illegal attack - (Signal 8 point to libero) loss
  of rally/point

83
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• The libero overhand finger sets a teammate while
  on or in front of the 10 foot line, and the
  player completes the attack.
• What is the call?

84
LIBERO YOU MAKE THE CALL

• Illegal attack (Signal 8)
• After giving the illegal attack signal, indicate
  the libero with an open hand
• Loss of rally/point

85
LIBERO INJURY SUBSTITUTION

• Must be replaced by player whom he/she replaced
• Redesignating new libero does not need to happen
  immediately
• Can use any player on the bench
• Injured libero may NOT return in any capacity to
  that game
• Redesignated libero must wear libero uniform with
  unique number
• Redesignated libero must remain the libero for
  the rest of the game

86
ACCESSING CURRICULUM ON IHSA WEBSITE

• Go to IHSA.org
• Enter the Officials Center you will need your
  number and password
• Lower left-hand side look for Officials
  Education
• Look for Volleyball Level 1 and 2