INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR RURAL ROAD NETWORK PLANNING

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INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR RURAL ROAD NETWORK
PLANNING A CASE STUDY
By I.Prasada Rao, B.K.Durai, P.K.Jain, Neelam
Jain Road Development Planning and
Management Central Road Research Institute New
Delhi-110 020
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Rural Roads in India

• Tertiary road system consists of other district
  roads and village roads
• Feeder roads to the primary and secondary road
  system
• Aims to connect habitations with
  all-weather roads
• Developed so far under different programmes
• Only about 50 per cent of 6.85 lakhs habitations
  are provided with all-weather road access.
• PMGSY - gt 500 Year 2007

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Deficiency in Planning

• Major deficiencies and poorly developed data base
• Planning practices are guided by population
  criteria
• Sectoral allocation of fund under five year plans
• Several organization involved in planning and
  development

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VILLAGE AND ROAD INFORMATION SYSTEM

• GIS - Would become indispensable in planning and
  management of database.
• VRIS help the planners and administrators to
  identify the problems associated with rural road
  development activities, location and provision of
  appropriate facilities, monitoring and
  maintenance management of the assets created in
  rural areas.
• In these cases the information generated from the
  villages as well as the decision taken at the
  official level will flow faster to the official
  involved in development activities.
• Urgent need to develop a simple method for
  collection and collation of data of village and
  roads, which will help in planning and provision
  of various facilities.

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DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE

• Village Level Data ?
• Demographic details
• Socio-Economic facilities
• Land-use patterns, etc
• Rural Road Inventory
• Map Data Digital 150,000 or 25,000
• Block as a Planning Unit and to be integrate for
  the district level Master Plan
• ?

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• Sources of Information
• Survey of India topo sheets
• Aerial photos
• PWD road network maps
• Revenue maps and records
• Census maps and records
• Inventory survey details
• Traffic census data etc.

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Steps - Rural Road Planning

• Preparation of maps and database in GIS
• Identification of major villages (facility
  villages), or the future growth villages.
• Generation of shortest distance to the nearest
  major village along the existing network.
• Assessing the accessibility of unconnected
  villages to the major village and prioritizing
  the villages and the link to be connected.

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NETWORK DEVELOPMENT

• The following assumptions were made to obtain
  the most accessible link for connecting the
  unconnected villages in a total road network.
• The population of the unconnected villages shall
  have to travel to nearby major village to fulfill
  their missing facilities or utility services.
• The unconnected villages may be presently
  connected through various links such as
  fair-weather roads, cart tracts and footpaths and
  they will travel along this link to obtain the
  facilities.
• Based on the above assumptions the unconnected
  villages are to be provided with all-weather
  connectivity by a link which is shortest and
  minimum cost link.

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Scanned Map of Rupauli Block(150,000)
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Base Map of Rupauli Block
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Village level database of Rupauli Block
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Map showing existing roads and inventory data
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Thematic Map of Education Facilities
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Development of Network

• Habitation Index
• Composite measure of development based on its
  demographic, socio-economic, infrastructure, and
  policy variables.
• Each Variables can be given a Weightages based on
  its importance
• HINDEX can be calculated using the equation

Fxyi Number of facility of x th type with y th
intensity in habitation i Wxy Weight for x th
facility of y th intensity
Contd
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Relative Weights for Facility Variables for
Computing HINDEX
S. No. FACILITIES Weightages of variables Weightages of variables Weightages of variables Weightages of variables Weightages of variables Weightages of variables Wxy for the Group
S. No. FACILITIES 0 2 4 6 8 Maximum Wxy for the Group
1 Population Below 250 251-500 501-1000 1001-2000 Above 2001 8 16
2 SC/ST Population Below 25 26-50 51-200 201-300 Above 301 8 16
3 Primary School Nil One More than one 4 34
4 Middle School Nil One More than one 6 34
5 High School No One More than one 8 34
6 Inter/College No Yes 8 34
7 Vocational School No Yes 8 34
8 Dispensary No Yes 4 18
9 Maternity Centre No Yes 6 18
10 PHC No Yes 8 18
11 Police Station No Yes 6 22
12 Post Office No Yes 4 22
13 Electrified No Yes 6 22
14 Panchayat Hqtr. No Yes 6 22
15 No. of days Market held No Two or more days 6 6
16 Hilly/coastal No Yes 4 4
Maximum Score Maximum Score Maximum Score Maximum Score Maximum Score Maximum Score Maximum Score 100 100
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Hindex of the Villages
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Hindex of the Villages
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Growth Centers, Connected and Unconnected
Villages
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Selection of Optimal Links

• Major centres are identified
• Shortest route from a UC village to a nearest
  facility (GC) centre along the existing route
• The maximum accessible link has been identified
  for provision of connectivity

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Shortest Path from Unconn-ected Villages to
Growth Centers
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Optimal Functional Network ( Access benefit-cost
ratio)
Benefit for a Link Option can be computed using
the equation
where, ABijl Benefit derived
from the link l Connecting
i th Unconnected to j th Connected
habitation HINDEXi Habitation Index for
habitation i D2ijl Distance of
between ith and jth habitations
(l 1 to 3)
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Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of the Link Option
Where Kl Cost factor of the link option l
Ll Length of link option l (to be
considered for upgradation or new
construction)
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Cost factor for various existing specifications
of link options
S. No. Type of exiting road Suggested value of Kl
1. A new road with three layers of WBM, PMC and seal coat with all CD works 1.00
2. Two layer WBM with major CD 0.25
3. Two layer WBM without major CD 0.40
4. One layer WBM with major CD 0.50
5. One layer WBM without major CD 0.65
6. Gravel Road with CD 0.70
7. Gravel Road without CD 0.75
8. Earthen road with CD 0.75
9. Earthen road without CD 0.85
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Optimum Network
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Details of Existing and Proposed Roads
 
The existing total road length is about 157.75
Km. Out of which 68.17 Km. length of road network
is proposed to connect the 37 unconnected
villages in the Block by benefiting about 60989
population.
 
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Conclusion

• VRIS is very much useful for problem
  identification, planning, allocation and location
  of various socio-economic facilities for an
  integral rural development.
• Useful for creation, maintenance and accessing of
  the GIS database.
• Efficient tool for decision making with respect
  to any rural development programme
• Using the information available at the road
  network layer, it will be easy to estimate the
  construction cost of selected links.
• Based on the information a Road Maintenance
  Management System can be developed using the
  databases, which will sustain the road for a
  longer time with minimal efforts.

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Thank You
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Figure 1. Flow Chart for Village and Road
Information System
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Village Level data
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