BTEC National Travel and Tourism

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BTEC National Travel and Tourism

• Unit 1 Investigating Travel and Tourism

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Unit 1 Learning Outcomes

1. Know the components of travel and tourism, and
   how they interrelate
2. Know the roles and responsibilities of travel and
   tourism organisations within the different
   sectors
3. Understand how recent developments have shaped
   the present day travel and tourism industry
4. Understand the trends and factors affecting the
   development of travel and tourism

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Icebreaker

• Make a list of all the travel and tourism
  organisations that you can think of
• Try and group them into similar categories, e.g.
  transport, attractions, accommodation, etc.
• Think of ways in which some of the organisations
  work together
• Have a go at coming up with your own definition
  of travel and tourism
• Make a list of the reasons why people travel in
  this country and abroad
• Write down who you think owns the travel and
  tourism organisations on your original list
• Make a list of the jobs available in two of the
  organisations you have listed

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What is travel and tourism?

• '...the activities of persons travelling to
  and staying in places outside their usual
  environment for not more than one consecutive
  year for leisure, business and other purposes
  (World Tourism Organisation)
• Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement
  of people to destinations outside the places
  where they normally live and work, and activities
  during their stay at these destinations it
  includes movement for all purposes, as well as
  day visits or excursions (Tourism Society)

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What is travel and tourism?

• Both definitions clearly show that people we
  think of as tourists are
• Away from their normal place of residence
  (although they will be returning home)
• On a visit that is temporary and short-term
• Engaged in activities which would normally be
  associated with travel and tourism
• Not necessarily staying away from home overnight
  they may be on a day-trip or excursion
• Not always away from home for holiday purposes
  they could be on business or visiting friends and
  relatives (VFR), but would still qualify as
  tourists

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Types of tourism

• There are three main types of tourism
• Domestic tourism when people take holidays,
  short breaks and day trips in their own country,
  e.g. a family from Birmingham enjoying a two-week
  holiday in a farm guesthouse in North Wales
• Inbound/incoming tourism when people enter a
  country from their own country of origin or
  another country which is not their home, e.g.
  Monsieur and Madame du Pont from Paris sampling
  the delights of Edinburgh as part of a driving
  tour of Scotland
• Outbound tourism when people travel away from
  the country where they normally live, e.g. the
  family from Birmingham deciding to give North
  Wales a miss this year and taking a week's
  holiday at Disneyland Paris instead

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Textbook activity 1.1

• Carry out a survey of the rest of your group to
  find out how many people took their last holiday
  abroad (outbound tourism) and what proportion
  stayed in the UK (domestic tourism). Draw a bar
  chart showing the results you collected. Ask the
  members of your group to tell you which
  components of the travel and tourism industry
  they used on their last holiday.
• This activity is designed to provide evidence
  for P1

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Why do people travel?
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Leisure tourism
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Business tourism
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Textbook activity 1.2

• Business tourism is often considered to be high
  value tourism. Why do you think this is? Can you
  think of ways that travelling for business
  reasons has changed in recent years and what
  factors are likely to affect business travel in
  the future?

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CD-ROM activity CD1.1

• Investigates the different types of leisure
  tourism

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CD-ROM activity CD1.2

• Investigates the different types of business
  tourism

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Components of travel and tourism

• Accommodation
• Transport
• Attractions
• Tour operations
• Travel agents
• Tourism development and promotion
• Trade associations and regulatory bodies
• Ancillary services
• All of these components are provided by a large
  number of different businesses and public
  agencies working in tourism, which together make
  up the travel and tourism industry as shown in
  the following slide.

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Components of travel and tourism
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Textbook activity 1.3

• Working in a small team, carry out some research
  into which components of the travel and tourism
  industry are found in your local area. Use the
  diagram in Figure 1.4 (slide 13) as your starting
  point. Make a note of the names of the companies
  or organisations represented, their purpose and
  how they interrelate with other components of the
  travel and tourism industry, giving examples that
  include domestic, inbound and outbound tourism.
• This activity is designed to provide evidence
  for P1, P2 and M1

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Accommodation
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Types of accommodation

• Serviced when a service is provided along with
  an overnight stay, e.g. hotels, guesthouses,
  youth hostels, B Bs, etc.
• Self-catering when tourists cater for
  themselves, e.g. cottages, camping, holiday
  centres and villages, caravanning, second homes,
  etc.

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Accommodation grading schemes

• Accommodation grading schemes are a way that
  tourist boards can classify accommodation
  according to the quality of facilities and
  standards of service on offer in a particular
  establishment. Customers use these schemes when
  selecting where to stay, with the expectation
  that their accommodation will be a fair
  reflection of the grade that it has been given.
• In the UK, the national tourist boards have used
  different schemes in the past based on crowns,
  stars, keys and a variety of other symbols. There
  are also schemes on offer from the motoring
  organisations.

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Textbook activity 1.4

• Carry out some research into the accommodation
  grading scheme used by your national tourist
  board and design an illustrated brochure for
  visitors that explains the different categories
  on offer.

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Transport
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Types of transport

• Road private car, coach, taxi, bus, bicycle
• Rail regional services, inter-city routes,
  high-speed services, steam trains
• Sea ferries, cruise ships, barges, yachts
• Air scheduled services, charter flights, no
  frills carriers, air taxis

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Road travel

• Most popular type of transport used by tourists
  in Britain
• Dramatic growth in car ownership since the 1950s
• Congestion and pollution are problems in urban
  and rural areas
• Historic cities and National Parks have
  introduced traffic control measures, e.g.
  park-and-ride schemes, cycle hire, etc.

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Rail travel

• Under-investment over many decades in Britains
  rail network
• Government is now investing over 60 billion to
  develop a bigger, better and safer railway system
• Network Rail maintains the infrastructure
  track, signalling, bridges, tunnels, etc.
• Train Operating Companies (TOCs) run the trains,
  ticketing, rail enquiries, etc.
• Examples of TOCs include Virgin Trains, GNER,
  Arriva Trains, First Great Western, etc.

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Textbook activity 1.5

• Produce a PowerPoint presentation on one of the
  UKs train operating companies (TOCs), giving
  details of its history, services, performance
  standards, fare structures and customer service
  arrangements. Describe how the company works with
  other components of the travel and tourism
  industry, formally and informally.
• This activity is designed to provide evidence
  for P1 and P2

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Sea travel

• Sea travel in UK tourism is dominated by the
  ferry companies, which operate services between
  the UK and Ireland, Scandinavia and the near
  continent, e.g. France, Belgium and the
  Netherlands
• There is fierce competition on the cross-Channel
  services between ferry companies and the Channel
  Tunnel
• Cruising from UK ports is growing in popularity
• 1.2 million British people took a cruise in 2005
• Major cruise companies include Cunard, Ocean
  Village, Thomson Cruises and PO

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Air travel

• Rapid growth in international tourism over the
  last 50 years is closely linked to the growth in
  air travel
• Deregulation of air travel has increased
  competition between airlines and helped to keep
  fares low on an expanding network of routes
• Britain has a number of world-class airlines,
  e.g. British Airways, Virgin Atlantic Airways,
  easyJet, bmi, etc.

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Types of air travel services

• Domestic air travel within a country, e.g. a
  flight from Manchester to Stansted
• International flights between different
  countries, e.g. London Heathrow to New York
• Scheduled services that run to a published
  timetable (includes low-cost airlines)
• Charter services linked to package holidays,
  where tour operators contract with an airline for
  a specific route for a season, e.g. Newcastle to
  Alicante between Easter and the end of October

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Textbook activity 1.6

• Carry out some research on low-cost airlines to
  find out which companies fly from the following
  UK airports Edinburgh, Cardiff, Birmingham,
  Stansted and Manchester. Choose one of the
  companies and find out more information on its
  route network, sample prices, additional
  services, fare structures, aircraft fleet, etc.
  Describe the interrelationships the airline has
  with other components of the travel and tourism
  industry, giving examples that include domestic,
  inbound and outbound tourism.
• This activity is designed to provide evidence
  for P1, P2 and M1

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Airports

• UK airports handled 228 million passengers in
  2005
• Traffic at the 5 main London airports Heathrow,
  Gatwick, Stansted, Luton and London City
  totalled 133 million passengers
• Heathrow was the UKs busiest airport with 68
  million passengers
• Traffic at UK regional airports is growing
  rapidly the result of the increasing numbers of
  flights offered by the low-cost airlines, e.g.
  Ryanair, flybe, easyJet, Jet2, bmibaby, etc.

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Attractions

• Visitor attractions can play a large part in a
  destinations success.
• They attract visitors and encourage them to stay
  at a destination longer, thus increasing visitor
  spending.
• The UK officially has 6500 visitor attractions
  they are important to both the domestic and
  inbound tourism market.

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Visitor attractions can be either natural or
purpose built (man-made).
For this section you need to research the
following
Natural attractions
Heritage attractions
Purpose-built attractions
Events
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Natural Attractions
The UK has an abundance of fine landscapes.
Domestic and overseas visitors are attracted to
the beautiful coastline, the rugged mountains,
peaceful lakes and the picturesque valleys.
Many areas are now AONB or SSIs these include
the National Parks map exercise
www.visitbritain.com www.naturalengland.org.uk www
.discoverireland.com
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Activity evidence for P1 add to display board
On an outline map of the UK mark the position of
the Existing National Parks in England, Wales
and Scotland Plus the location of the proposed
Mourne National Park in Northern Ireland.
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Heritage Attractions
Many of Britains most popular attractions are
heritage attractions, depicting life at a
particular point in time in the past.
Museums, Galleries etc are examples of such
attractions.

• Research the following two heritage attractions
  as examples for your display board.
• Remember to give details about what they are and
  what they offer the tourist.
• Jorvik Viking Centre in York
  www.jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk
• Ulster American Folk Park www.nmni.com/uafp
• You can also look in Wikipedia

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Purpose built attractions
As the name suggests these are tourist
attractions that are man made.
Examples include theme parks, zoological centres,
entertainment venues etc.
Research example Local Aquarium in Portaferry
www.exploris.org.uk National Alton towers or
the London eye
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Events
Events attract tourists to an area as well as
serving the needs of local people.
They come in all shapes and sizes the Olympics,
to local and regional examples such as the St
Patricks Carnival.
There are lots of examples to research. Edinburgh
Festival Notting Hill Carnival
Glastonbury St Patrick celebrations.
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Tour Operations

• Tour operators are the holiday companies that
  many of us use when booking a UK or overseas
  trip.
• The role of the Tour operator is to put together
  all the different components that make up a
  holiday and sell them as packages to the
  consumer.

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They make contracts with hoteliers, airlines and
other transport companies to put the package
together.
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In the case of foreign package holidays, the
majority of customers use the services of a
travel agent.
However, developments in technology have meant
that growing numbers of people are using the
internet, digital tv or teletext.
Companies that sell direct claim that the money
they save on paying travel agents is passed on to
the customer meaning a cheaper holiday.
The big 4 tour operators include Thompson,
MyTravel, Thomas Cook and First Choice Holidays.
however these companies have merged recently.
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In 2007, Thomas Cook and MyTravel merged and
First Choice and Thompson also merged to
effectively create two super tour operators.
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The graph above clearly shows an increase in
online tour operations in recent years since
2002. customers are able to visit these
websites and design their own holiday.
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Types of tour operators

• Mass-market operators
• Specialist operators
• Domestic operators
• Incoming tour operators

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Mass market operations (outbound)
These operations sell high volumes of holidays
and include best known names -
Thomas Cook Group, the company formed by the
merger of travel giants Thomas Cook and MyTravel,
began trading on June 19 2007.
Tour operator First Choice merged with the
tourism division of German company TUI which
includes Thomson Holidays. The deal, which has to
be approved by shareholders, will see the
creation of a new company - TUI Travel.
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• Research Choose one of the tour operators
• History of the company
• Its roles and responsibilities
• Products that it sells
• Destinations it travels to
• Researching on the internet and in brochures
  should give you
• All the info you need

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