Application of risk assessment to access agricultural markets Example: Madagascar

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Application of risk assessment to access
agricultural marketsExample Madagascar

• Katharina StärkSwiss Federal Veterinary Office

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Outline

• Trade principles under SPS
• Example Madagascar
• Pig production Madagascar
• Disease status
• Risk assessment applied in this situation?
• Hypothetical

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Trade under SPS rules

• Exporting country
• Scientific evidence to document thatimported
  goods do not impose larger health risk for local
  animal/human/plant population than product
  produced in importing country
• Aim of risk analysis
• Provide importing country with objective and
  defensible method to assess risk

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Pig population Madagascar
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Pork production

• Mainly extensive, few specialised farmers

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Introduction of ASF

• Suspect cases in early 1998
• Diagnosis December 1998
• FAO TCP started in 1999
• Diagnostic tools
• Epidemiology
• Surveillance
• Control

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Current disease situation
Zones indemnes de PPA (30/04/00)
Distribution (approx.) des suidés sauvages
(Potamochoerus larvatus )
Tiques Ornithodoros porcinus (aire de
distribution décrite entre 1960 et 1990)

Tiques (aire connue 1960 1990) suidés sauvages
Séroloies positives anticorps anti-tiques
Peste Porcine Africaine SITUATION EPIDEMIOLOGI
QUE
Avril 2000
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Risk through trade?

• Pork?
• Beef?
• Other animal-derived products?

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Trade prior to 1999

• Pork to La Reunion (until 1988)
• Beef to European Union (until 1995)
• lack of surveillance
• lack of controls
• lack of good veterinary services

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Disease surveillance

• Reporting of signs of disease activity by
  livestock owners and veterinarians
• Active programme of examination of samples from
  within host populations to detect clinical signs
  or indications of disease occurrence

OIE Animal Health Code 1999
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Quality of veterinary services

• Bilateral between countries
• mutual agreement on criteria
• Criteria
• appropriate to circumstances
• relevant to type of trade

OIE Animal Health Code 1999
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Concept of zoning

• Zone part of country established for disease
  control
• Requirements
• Notifiable disease
• According to epidemiology of disease
• Effective boundaries
• Constant supervision (movement control)
• Effective veterinary service

OIE Animal Health Code 1999
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Disease-free zone

• Can be established if infection is still present
• All animal holdings officially known
• Investigation of suspect outbreaks
• Outbreaks reported to OIE
• Can be surrounded by surveillance zone
• Strict animal movement control
• Independent of import of animals from infected
  zones

OIE Animal Health Code 1999
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ASF-free zones

• Notifiable disease
• Effective borders
• Control / Surveillance of
• Domestic pigs
• Bush pigs (Potamochoerus larvatus )
• Ticks (Ornithodoros porcinus spp)
• Animal movements
• Additional safety measures
• Export from ASF-free herds

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Possible ASF-free zones
List of holdings Movement control Identification
of animals
Peste Porcine Africaine SITUATION EPIDEMIOLOGI
QUE
Avril 2000
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ASF-free farms

• Re-stocking with ASF-free stock
• Isolation
• Biosafety measures
• Animals, bush pigs, tick control
• People
• Feed
• Surveillance programme
• Identification

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Risk assessment

• The OIE risk assessment model
• Disease factors
• Disease status of exporting country (country
  factors)
• Surveillance
• Disease-free zones
• Veterinary service
• Products (commodity factors)
• Quantity
• Effect of processing

OIE Animal Health Code 1999
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Risk model What can go wrong?
OK
Yes
OK
ASF-free region
No

• Surveillance
• Barriers
• Identification

ASF-free herd
OK
Processing
P(export)
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ASF status
Tanzania
2000
1999
1999
Countries with (sporadic) reported ASF cases in
1998 or later
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Conclusions

• Basis for risk assessment
• Good veterinary service
• Surveillance data
• Large flexibility
• Qualitative assessment sufficient
• Powerful tool for all countries