A Search for Order

1
A Search for Order

• Nixon to Carter
• Chapter 21

2
New Federalism

• Government had become too big and he believed the
  states should have more power.
• He believed that state government would do a
  better job of spending revenue collected.

3
Nixon and the South

• Tried to weaken the Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Urged slowdown in forced integration
• Opposed the busing of students
• Advanced Affirmative Action for blacks and women

4
Nixon continued

• Filled four vacant Supreme Court Justices seats
• Expanded food stamp program
• Increased payments to Social Security

5
Environment

• Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
• Earth Day April 22, 1970
• Clean Air Act regulate air pollution
• Environment Protection Agency
• Occupational Health and Safety Administration
  (OSHA)

6
Nixon and Vietnam

• Said he would end the war if elected
• Vietnamization let South Vietnam control more
  of the fighting so our troops can come home
• 540,00 (1969) to 24,000 (1972) troops
• Secretly expanded the war and ordered bombings of
  Cambodia to try to disrupt the supply lines of
  the Ho Chi Minh Trail. He also sent troops to
  Laos to destroy North Vietnamese army bases.

7
Nixon and Vietnam

• Anti War protests Kent State (Ohio) and Jackson
  State College (Mississippi).
• Hundreds of colleges and universities shut down
  temporarily
• ½ of Americans oppose the war

8
Protests move to Washington D.C.
9
End to War

• Peace talks stalled
• Round the clock bombings of Hanoi and Haiphong
  December 1972
• In January 1973 North Vietnam, South Vietnam and
  US finally reached a settlement.

10
Cost of Vietnam war

• 600 American POWs
• 300,000 wounded
• 58,000 dead
• 2,500 missing
• 111 million 738 million today

11
Détente

• Ease tensions with Cold War enemies
• SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks with
  Soviets
• Antiballistic Missile ABM defense system
• Nixon visits Moscow and both sides agree to a
  slowdown

12
Foreign Policy

• Henry Kissinger national security advisor then
  secretary of state
• Believed that US should consider each foreign
  policy conflict from the standpoint of what is
  good for the US - Realpolitik

13
China

• US does not formally recognize government of the
  Peoples Republic of China
• 1971 China sent a surprise invitation to the
  American table tennis team to play in a
  tournament
• February 1972 Nixon visits China
• China sent two pandas to US

14
Middle East

• Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in 1973
• US was nervous Soviets would jump into war
• Soviets supported Egypt and Syria and US support
  Israel with supplies
• Yom Kippur War

15
Oil Embargo

• Arabs countries agreed not to ship any oil to US
• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
  OPEC
• US received 1/5 of oil from other countries in
  1970 by 1973 it was up to 1/3
• Energy crisis

16
Oil embargo continued

• Long lines at gas stations
• Gas prices rose sharply
• Cost more to run machines in factories and to
  harvest crops
• Price rose for products
• Oil embargo lifted with shuttle diplomacy

17
Election of 1972

• Nixon wanted to win using any means necessary
• Plumbers were to respond to leaks of secret
  information and investigate Nixons political
  enemies
• Democratic National Committee was burglarized at
  the Watergate Hotel-office complex- to collect
  political strategies

18
Watergate

• Five people were arrested
• Burglars had connections to Nixon
• Reports Woodward and Bernstein continued to
  investigate the break in
• Discovered that one of the burglars had received
  a check for 25,000 that was originally for
  Nixons re-election campaign

19
Nixon Wins re-election

• February 1973 7 men involved in the break in has
  been convicted or pleaded guilty
• Americans began to question if Nixon knew about
  the break in and helped cover it up
• Senate committee begins investigation on
  television

20
Vice-President

• Charged with Extortion, tax fraud, and
  conspiracy.
• Accepting bribes of more that 100,000
• Income tax evasion.
• October 10, 1973 resigned from office

21
TAPES

• Nixon had tape recorded all his conversation in
  his office
• People were saying they had talked to Nixon about
  the Watergate cover up
• Senate asked for tapes and Nixon refused
• Executive privilege
• Nixon wants the special prosecutor fired two
  people quit

22
I am not a Crook

• Nixon delays release of tapes
• When he does turn over the tapes 18 minutes has
  been erased
• Impeachment and/or resignation
• Impeachment on the basis of alleged obstruction
  of justice and failure to obey subpoenas

23
August 8,1974
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vlzXL7C0JQDM
24
President Ford?

• Ford is the first president and vice president
  NEVER to be elected.
• Pardons Nixon wth?
• Now Nixon can not be tried in court
• American outraged!

25
Vietnam Again?

• 1975 South Vietnam was about to fall to North
  Vietnam
• Ford tried to send aid- Congress said no
• He did manage to get 250,000 to flee Fall of
  Saigon

26
President Carter

• Former peanut farmer from Plains, GA
• Promised Ill never lie to you
• He was a Washington outsider
• Pardons Americans who avoided the draft for
  Vietnam

27
Economy and Energy

• Inflation and unemployment HIGH
• Wanted to ease dependence on foreign oil
• Develop new energy supplies
• Loosen government regulations of American oil

28
Energy continued

• Urged Americans to conserve fuel carpool, turn
  down heat and turn Air conditioners up
• US cars manufactures were offered incentives to
  build fuel-efficient cars
• Solar and wind energy

29
Environment

• Doubled the size of national parks and wildlife
  refuges 100 million acres in Alaska
• Three Mile Island, PA
• Love Canal, NY birth defects

30
Foreign Policy

• Panama Canal returned 12-31-1999
• Recognized Communist Peoples Republic of China
• Camp David Accords 1978 peace in the
• Middle East between Israel and Egypt.
• SALT II

31
Trouble Brewing

• Afghanistan government was overthrown, they were
  pro-Communist 1978
• Soviets invade in 1979
• US blocks grain shipments to USSR
• Boycotts the 1980 Olympics in Moscow
• Secretly US sent weapons to Afghanistan fighters
  trying to overthrow the Communist government (Bin
  Laden connection)

32
More Trouble

• Iran had a revolution and overthrew shah in 1979.
• The shah and US got along great but was brutal to
  his people
• Ayatollah Khomeini (Islamic) takes over
• US lets shah come here to get cancer treatment
  this upset Iranians

33
Iranian Hostage Crisis

• May 4, 1979 American Embassy attacked in Tehran.
• 52 Americans were taken hostage
• Failed military mission to rescue them
  helicopter crashed killing 8 soldiers
• 444 days in captivity

34
Effects of Iran hostages

• Gas prices rose due to lack of oil from Iran
• Inflation soared
• Economy struggling
• Election of 1980 Carter knew he was doomed

35
Historical events of the 1970s
36
A Conservative Era

• Reagan and H.W. Bush
• Chapter 22

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Reagans Views

• Lower taxes
• Smaller government
• Stronger military
• Conservative moral values
• Family, Work, Neighborhood, Peace, and Freedom
  his slogan

40
New Right

• Endorsed prayer in school
• Teaching Bible-based account of human creation
• Opposed abortion, gun control, homosexual rights,
  school busing to achieve desegregation, Equal
  Rights Amendment, affirmative action, and nuclear
  disarmament.

41
First Lady

• Just Say No antidrug campaign

42
Assassination Attempt 3-30-1981

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8Dc4TVnMdo4

43
Reaganomics

• Reduce taxes to stimulate economic growth
• Cut the federal budget
• Supply-side economics invest in America,
  businesses would hire more workers and expand due
  to tax cuts
• Budget deficit eliminated ? meaning government
  spent less than it received

44
Trickle-Down Economics

• Wealthy tax rates dropped from 70 to 28
• Wealthy have the businesses if they can expand
  they can put more people to work
• Increase in military spending
• Might increase Americas national debt
• Vice-President Bush called it voodoo economics

45
Cold War and Reagan

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdo0x-Egc6oA

46
Military Spending

• Pentagon budget in 1981 150 Billion by 1985 up
  to 250 Billion
• Spend mainly on nuclear weapons
• USSR boycotts the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles
• Strategic Defense Initiative Star Wars shield

47
Gorbachev

• Intermediate- Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty
  1988 reduce nuclear arms. 2,500 were destroyed
• Cold war not so cold anymore

48
Trouble in Latin America

• El Salvador civil war US supported new leader
  Duarte elected in 1984
• Nicaragua civil war US cuts off aid at first
  then approved 20 million for the CIA to equip
  and train rebels, Contras, to overthrow
  government.
• Congress banned the funding and Reagan suggested
  to his advisors to find a way to help the Contras.

49
Trouble in Lebanon

• Civil war - Muslims v Christians
• US embassy had been attacked earlier
• October 23, 1983, US Marines barracks were bombed
  by a suicide bomber driving a truck, killing 241
  sleeping soldiers
• First suicide terrorist attacks against the US

50
Grenada, Mr. Braveboys home

• Reagan send 5000 Marines to invade Grenada.
• US feared Communist were trying to take over the
  island
• US lost 19 Marines as it took the island in 2 days

51
Iran-Contra Affair

• US approve weapon sales to Iran to attempt to
  release US hostages in Lebanon
• US policy is not to negotiate with terrorists
• The from Iran weapon sales then went to
  Nicaragua to fund the Contras
• Congress investigated
• Reagan admitted to authorizing the sales but
  denied knowing anything about going to Nicaragua

52
President George H. W. Bush
53
New Soviet Union?

• Gorbachev and glasnost opening. He held press
  interviews. Soviets could complain price of
  food, empty store shelves, and sons dying in
  Afghanistan
• Perestroika restructuring the Soviet Union
• Elections took place in 1989
• Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan

54
Communist Collapses?

• Eastern Europe revolutions Poland, Hungary
  opened boarded with Austria, Czechoslovakia,
  Romania
• Berlin Wall November 9, 1989

55
USSR no more

• Gorbachev and Boris Yelstin unite
• 1990 Soviet republics began declaring their
  independence
• Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) cut
  stockpiles of long-range nuclear missiles
• Yelstin now in charge of weak Country

56
China 1989

• Tiananmen Square, students protest government
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v9-nXT8lSnPQ
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?ve-kt3m_xlqU

57
Panama

• Colonel Manuel Noriega
• Smuggling drugs to US US indicted him in 1988
• Noriega declares war with US
• Panama Canal at stake
• Invasion occurs arrest Noriega
• Moved to Florida and convicted

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Historical events of the 1980s
59
Persian Gulf WarOperation Desert Storm

• Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait August 1990
• UN set deadline of January 15, 1991 for Iraq
  forces to withdrawal
• January 16, 690,000 joint forces led by the US
  attacked bombing raids
• February 23 ground forces attacked lasted 5
  days
• 148 American died 500 total in joint forces
• Iraqi lost 20,000 soldiers and 2,400 civilians

60
Court Cases

• New Jersey v T.L.O.(1985) schools have the
  right to search students belongings without being
  in violation of 4th amendment.
• Planned Parenthood of Southeastern PS v Casey
  (1992) a woman seeking an abortion was required
  to give informed consent, wait 24 hours, and
  minors had to have parental consent.

61
Into the 21st Century

• Clinton and G.W.Bush
• Chapter 23

62
President Clinton

• Wanted tax cuts for middle class didnt get
  actually increased taxes due to budget deficit
• Low unemployment
• Nationwide Health Care defeated because people
  were afraid of major changes to they health care
  system.

63
Contract with American 1994

• Republican driven
• Plans to balance the budget
• Fight crime
• Provide tax cuts for many Americans
• Welfare reforms Clinton wanted to limit the
  time people could receive benefits and required
  most recipients to find work within 2 years of
  getting benefits.

64
Oklahoma City Bombing

• April 19,1995
• Killing 168 people
• American born terrorists Timothy McVeigh and
  Terry Nichols

65
Clintons Foreign Policy

• Somalia Bush had sent forces to help the UN
  distribute food to victims of civil war.
• Mogadishu October 1993, 18 Americans were
  killed and 84wounded in fighting that occurred.
• Because of this Clinton will not send forces to
  Rwanda to stop genocide in 1994

66
North American Free Trade Agreement - NAFTA

• United States, Mexico, and Canada becomes one
  large free trade zone.
• Bush had completed the negotiations before he
  left office and Clinton got it passed and signed
  it into treaty.
• People were scared it would hurt American jobs
  since Mexican good were cheaper

67
Scandal and Impeachment

• Whitewater shady real estate loans
• Sexual Harassment charge while governor of
  Arkansas, Paula Jones
• He was impeached but not removed because they
  could not get a 2/3 majority in Senate

68

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8KrtIaYDB7M
• Monica Lewinsky

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Historical events of the 1990s
70
Election of 2000

• Close election November 7
• Florida was the deciding factor
• Recount all ballots by hand but not all over
• Bush v Gore 2000 Supreme court ruled recount
  was unconstitutional December 12
• George W. Bush declared WINNER

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President George W. Bush

• Economy in a recession down turn
• No Child Left Behind standards and test
  students yearly
• Reform Social Security does not pass
• Secretary of State - Condoleezza Rice

72
September 11, 2001

• 4 planes 265 people killed
• 19 hijackers
• Pentagon 125 people killed
• World Trade Centers 2,749 killed

73

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vgPHnadJ-0hE

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Osama bin Laden

• Numerous threats to US
• 1993 World Trade Center bombing
• Mogadishu attacks killing 18 soldiers
• 1988 US embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania
  killing 224
• 2000 USS Cole attack 17 died

75
Department of Homeland Security

• 22 government agencies
• 180,000 employees
• Color coded warning system
• USA PATRIOT ACT law enforcement agencies could
  collect information about suspected terrorists
  secretly

76
Hurricane Katrina August 2005

• Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi
• New Orleans Floods when levees broke
• Over 1,000 die
• Hundreds of thousands lost homes and source of
  livelihood
• Interrupted oil production gas prices UP
• Cost hundreds of billions of dollars

77

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vs7http//www.youtub
  e.com/watch?vgPHnadJ-0hE6Qn7bpCsQ

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Historical events of the 2000s