POETRY

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POETRY
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POETRY

• A type of literature that expresses ideas,
  feelings, or tells a story in a specific form
  (usually using lines and stanzas)

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POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY

• POET
• The poet is the author of the poem.

• SPEAKER
• The speaker of the poem is the narrator of the
  poem.

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POETRY FORM

• LINE - a group of words together on one line of
  the poem
• Lines are sometimes numbered
• STANZA - a group of lines arranged together
• Stanzas might also be numbered so BE CAREFUL

• A word is dead
• When it is said,
• Some say.
• I say it just
• Begins to live
• That day.

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1
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KINDS OF STANZAS

• Couplet a two line stanza
• Triplet (Tercet) a three line stanza
• Quatrain a four line stanza
• Quintet a five line stanza
• Sestet (Sextet) a six line stanza
• Septet a seven line stanza
• Octave an eight line stanza

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Form vs. Free Verse

• Form poems follow a pattern. It will have
  structure, rhyming, meter, and/or more.
• Free Verse poems have no pattern. They could be
  one big stanza, stanzas of varying length,
  inconsistent or no rhyming, and inconsistent or
  no rhythm.

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RHYTHM

• The beat created by the sounds of the words in a
  poem (meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain).
• Meter - A repeating pattern of stressed and
  unstressed syllables.
• Alliteration Words appearing in sequence that
  begin with the same sound ex Allen alligator,
  Fancy phone
• Refrain A part (entire line or more) of the
  poem that is repeated.

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FREE VERSE POETRY

• Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT
  have any repeating patterns of stressed and
  unstressed syllables.
• Does NOT have rhyme scheme.
• Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds
  like someone talking with you.
• A more modern type of poetry.

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RHYME SCHEME

• A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end
  rhyme, but not always).
• Use the letters of the alphabet to represent
  sounds to be able to visually see the pattern.

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SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME

• The Germ by Ogden Nash
• A mighty creature is the germ,
• Though smaller than the pachyderm.
• His customary dwelling place
• Is deep within the human race.
• His childish pride he often pleases
• By giving people strange diseases.
• Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?
• You probably contain a germ.

a a b b c c a a
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Structural Elements of poetry

• Onomatopoeia - Words that imitate the sound they
  are naming (buzz, splash, pop, )
• Alliteration - Consonant sounds repeated at the
  beginnings of words (Peter Piper picked)
• Consonance - Similar to alliteration EXCEPT, the
  repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the
  words silken, sad, uncertain, rustling...
• Assonance - Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or
  lines of poetry. (Lake, Ate, Base - all share the
  long a.)
• Repetition A single word or small group of
  words that is repeated.

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Figurative Language

• Simile - A comparison of two things using like
  or as. She is as beautiful as a sunrise.
• Metaphor - A direct comparison of two unlike
  things. ex All the worlds a stage, and we are
  merely players. - William Shakespeare
• Hyperbole - Exaggeration often used for emphasis.
• Idiom - An expression where the literal meaning
  is not the meaning of the expression. It means
  something other than what it actually says. ex
  Its raining cats and dogs.

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Figurative Language cont.

• Personification - An animal given human-like
  qualities or an object given life-like qualities.
  ex
• Earth felt the wound and Nature from her seat,
• Sighing, through all her works, gave signs of
  woe.
• Paradise Lost by John Milton
• Symbolism When a person, place, thing, or event
  so represents or stands for something else. ex
  white purity, bald eagle USA,

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Figurative Language cont.

• Allusion - A reference (it alludes to) to
  something famous. ex refer to someone as a
  Scrooge mean and selfish
• Imagery - Language that appeals to the senses.
  Most images are visual, but they can also appeal
  to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell.
• then with cracked hands that ached
• from labor in the weekday weather . . .
• from Those Winter Sundays

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REVIEW

• Poet author of the poem
• Speaker voice that narrates/says the poem
• Line a line of words working together
• Stanza a group of lines
• Couplet (2), Triplet/Tercet (3), Quatrain (4),
  Quintet (5)
• Form poem identifiable structure or pattern
• Free verse no pattern or structure

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More REVIEW

• Rhyme scheme a system of using letters to label
  a rhyme pattern
• Structural Elements onomatopoeia, alliteration,
  consonance, assonance, repetition
• Figurative Language simile, metaphor,
  hyperbole, idiom, personification, symbolism,
  allusion, imagery