Solar Power

1
Solar Power

• Its coming of age

2
CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)

• There are two types
• Parabolic Troughs and
• Power Towers

3
Parabolic Troughs

• Linear parabolic mirrors focusing light on a tube
• Very efficient (60) utilize salt heated to 1000
  degrees
• Insulated storage for salt
• Then boil water, steam turns turbine, turbine
  turns generator. Voila! 24 hour solar
  electricity
• also
• Most have a natural gas boiler integrated into
  loop, so plant has full production 24 hours/day

4
Parabolic Trough
5
Another way to view a parabolic trough
6
Solar Trough farms in the US
7
Solar One Parabolic Trough in Nevada 64 MW
400 acres (15,000 homes)
8
Nevada Solar One Schematic Diagram
9
Abengoa Solar Troughs

• 280 MW CSP with six hours of thermal storage
  under construction. Near Barstow, CA ( equals
  54,000 homes) completion 2014
• http//www.abengoasolar.com/web/en/nuestras_planta
  s/plantas_en_construccion/estados_unidos/index.htm
  lseccion_2

10
Greentech Mediafor the latest in . . .well,
greentechand from National Renewable Energy
LabThermal StorageAnd the California ISO
website shows demand and renewable output.
11
Solar One Power Tower in Barstow California

• The original solar power tower located in
  Barstow, California, and completed in 1981. The
  Solar One had a design capacity of 10,000 peak
  kilowatts, and was composed of a receiver located
  on the top of a tower surrounded by a field of
  reflectors. The concentrated sunlight created
  steam to drive a steam turbine and electric
  generator located on the ground.

12
PS-10 Power Tower in Spain

• Mirrors focus sunlight onto a small area at top
  of 300 foot tall tower.
• Utilize liquid sodium as a fluid to collect and
  transport heat to boil water, steam turns
  turbine, turbine turns generator.
• Power 65,000 homes
• Integral is Sevilla PV, an integrated
  photovoltaic array that will power 1800 homes

13
The PS 10, 11MW Heliostat Tower in Spain
14
Hallelujah!
15
Ivanpah Power Towereastern California. First
circle is nearing completion. 4000 acres.
Towers 500 feet tall. 170,000 heliostats
(mirrors)390 MW Equals 140,000 homes
16
50 million to relocate endangered desert
tortoises. There are desert ecosystems--no free
lunches
17
(No Transcript)
18
But . . . Lets not forget Photovoltaic(Sunlight
directly into electricity)

• Western PV panel makers driven out of business by
  Chinese
• But, cheap panels make installation cheaper
• Installation companies go crazy
• Big investors see good opportunities
• Solar City stock rises 200 in 2013
• Solar City model. Install homeowner PV systems
  for free, then take a portion of output to pay
  for systems.
• PV still less than 1 of US power output, but
  increased 76 in 2012 bypassing wind for first
  time.

19
Solnova PV (Spain) in foreground150
MWbackground PS-10 PS-20 Power Towers
20
Agua Caliente Solar Project-Mojave Desert
California. 290MW
21
(No Transcript)
22
Geothermal Energy

• Most common utilizes very hot water or steam.
  The Geysers in California.
• About 30 square miles active site.
• About 1000 MW continual output.

23
(No Transcript)
24
Dry Steam and Flash SteamRequires very hot
water/steam (The Geysers Model)
25
Enhanced Geothermal SystemsGot Hot Rocks?

• AltaRock Energy Inc. at Newberry Volcano near
  Bend.
• Drill one hole into hot (600 degrees F) dry rock
• Fracture rock by injecting cold water
• Drill more holes about 1500 feet away
• Pump water down original hole and out secondary
  holes. Convert to steam and use flash (direct)
  or heat exchanger/binary systems to drive steam
  turbine and generate electricity.
• Successful test January 2013.

26
Enhanced Geothermal SystemUtilizing Hot, Dry
Bedrock
27
Binary SystemUtilizes a secondary closed loop of
low boiling point substance to drive the turbine
(Probable EGS modellow water consumption.
28
U.S. GeothermalNeal Hot SpringsHarney
CountyBinary System

• Utilizes hot water to boil secondary fluid in a
  heat exchanger.
• 23 MW Energy (perhaps enough for 26,000 homes)
• 136 million cost

29
Ground/Water Source Heat Pump Home Heating and
Cooling
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
Benefits

• 50 - 70 more efficient than fossil fuel systems
• 25 - 50 less operating cost

33
Drawbacks

• Costs Several Times more than other
  heating/cooling systems
• Not many installers or repair/adjustment
  companies yet

34
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

• As Near as I can tell there are no operating
  systems utilizing the temperature differences in
  the ocean. In theory and in demos it works, but
  the costs are so high that nobody has yet
  invested in a commercial scale site.

35
In theory it is simple in practice it is wildly
expensive
36
Water Turbines (like wind turbines but tiny in
comparison)

• Water is 784 times more dense than air 784
  times more energy per unit area of moving water.
• Dependabletide goes in and out on a regular
  basis. Rivers flow at a dependable rate
• Widespread possibilities.
• In reality, still in test modeproduction costs
  still very speculative.

37
Tidal Turbine
38
Marine Current TurbineWorlds First Commercial
Scale Tidal Turbine (Strangford Lough, N.
Ireland)1.2 MW capability (1000 homes)
39
Alstom Tidal TurbineOrkney Scotland1 MW in
tests (2013)
40
Christian Science Monitor articicle Tidal
turbines New sparks of hope for green energy
from beneath the waves
41
Ocean Renewable Power CompanyThis thing sits on
the bottom of a river or bay. Its a demo and
produces 150 kw of electricity as tide goes in
and out.
42
Tidal Barrage SystemAdvantage is that this one
can function as a battery saving impounded
water to generate electricity later
43
La Rance Tidal Barrage in France-Built 1966240MW
plant 26 efficient 62 MW output
44
Sihwa Tidal Barrage, Korea, 2011256 KW, so a bit
bigger than La Rance
45
Above the Surface

• Lots of Experimenting, no commercial examples
  yetat least none that I know of, but here are
  some of the ideas.

46
Ocean Power Technology PB150 Powerbuoy Exists.
Potential 150 KW output 36 54 KW

• .

47
Lots of Ideas
48
Floats ride the waves moving piston up and down
inside a magnet to make electricity
49
Columbia Power StingrayOSU developedmakes no
sense to me!
50
Pelamis Wave Energy ConverterOR Loch Ness
Monster!750 KW per monster. No commercial
farms yet
51
Utilizing flowing air to turn turbine