Prevention of Sports Injuries

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Prevention of Sports Injuries
December 3, 2002
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Definition of Sports Injury

• Collective name for injuries relating to sports
• One sustained during sports activity for which
  insurance is claimed
• Injuries treated at a hospital casualty or
  medical department

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Local Scenario

• Prospective survey on 2293 patients between May
  1984 - December 1990
• Subjects Non-professional, non elite athletes
• Five most common sports injuries - Guess!

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Local Scenario

• Soccer
• Basketball
• Volleyball
• Long distance running
• Cycling
• Injuries to different body parts - Guess!

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Local Scenario

• Knee most common (35.11), followed by ankle
  (15.44)
• Lower limb Upper limb injury ratio 12.98
• Common conditions ligament sprain (44.57),
  musculotendinous strain (16.4), overuse
  microinjury (12.56)

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Consider
What are the risk factors involved in this
sporting activity? Are they modifiable? What
strategies can you think of in preventing
injuries from occurring in this sport?
Consider
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Soccer
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Basketball
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Sequence of Prevention
2. Establishing aetiology mechanism of injuries

• 1. Establishing the extent of the sports injury
  problem
• Incidence
• Severity

3. Introducing preventive measures
4. Assessing their effectiveness by repeating
step 1
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Aetiology of Sports Injuries

• Physical Defect

• Physical Fitness

• Previous injury

• Physical Build

• Age

• Sex

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Aetiology of Sports Injuries

• Sports-related factors

• Venue

• Equipment

• Weather conditions

• Trainer

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Mechanism of Injury

• Overuse or poor training parameters
• Collision with another athlete / object
• Dangerous technique
• Force overload
• Environmental factors
• Equipment factors
• Accidents
• Unsafe manipulation of physiology / drug abuse
• Existing pathology
• Complications of treatment

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Sequence of Prevention

• 1. Establishing the extent of the sports injury
  problem
• Incidence
• Severity

2. Establishing aetiology mechanism of injuries
3. Introducing preventive measures
4. Assessing their effectiveness by repeating
step 1
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Injury Prevention
Warm up Stretching exercises Strengthening
exercises Endurance activities Sports-specific or
functional activities Cool down Relaxation
techniques
Physical Conditioning
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Injury Prevention

• Pre-participation Physical Condition
• Specific to participation levels
• Specific to age groups

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Injury Prevention
Pre-injury data collection Nutrition and
Diet Education Equipment Environment
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Rehabilitation
Aims

• Knowledge of mechanism of injury
• Minimisation of development of chronic pathologic
  changes in tissues
• Accurate assessment and diagnosis
• Goal oriented treatment
• Objective and functional assessment specific to
  the sport
• Safe plan for return
• Injury prevention strategies

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Factors that influence rehabilitation goals

• Type of sport
• Time remaining in the season
• Other sports
• Sports rules
• Outside sporting influence
• Psyche of athlete
• Type of injury
• Severity of the injury
• Type of treatment and rehabilitation

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Strategies in Injury Prevention
Know the Sport Know the Athlete Know the
Environment Know the Coach