and Direct Object Pronouns

1
Direct Objects

• and Direct Object Pronouns

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Direct objects

• Direct objects receive the action of the verb.
• I read the book.
• What is being read?
• the book
• The book is the direct object.

3
What are the direct objects in the following
sentences?

• My mom gives me the gift.
• the gift (it is being given)
• We eat pizza.
• the pizza
• The children see us.
• us

4
Pronouns

• Sometimes we replace a noun with a pronoun.
• Why?
• To avoid repetition.
• A direct object pronoun replaces a direct object.
• A DOP cannot replace a subject, indirect object
  or the object of a preposition.

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The direct object pronouns in Spanish are

• me (me) nos (us)
• te (you) os (you/p)
• lo (it/ms) los (them/ mp)
• lo (him) los (them)
• lo (you/usted) los (you/p)
• la (it/fs) las (them/fp)
• la (her) las (them/fp)
• la (you/fs) las (you/plural femenine)

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Direct Object Pronoun Placement

• Direct object pronouns are placed
• before the conjugated verb
• after and attached to the infinitive
• after and attached to the present participle (in
  the present progressive)
• after and attached to an affirmative command
• between the no and the negative command

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The rules for DOPs are different in Spanish.

• In Spanish, DOPs go before the conjugated verb.
• We eat pizza.
• We eat it.
• Comemos la pizza.
• La comemos.
• I help the student.
• I help him.
• Ayudo al estudiante.
• Lo ayudo.

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Replace the DO with a DOP

• Mi amigo lee el libro.
• Mi amigo lo lee.
• Bebemos la leche.
• La bebemos.
• Tú sacas la basura.
• Tú la sacas.
• Compro las revistas.
• Las compro.

9
The rules for DOPs are different in Spanish.

• In Spanish, DOPs go attached to and after the
  infinitive.
• We are going to eat pizza.
• We are going to eat it.
• Vamos a comer la pizza.
• Vamos a comerla.
• I am going to help the student.
• I am going to help him.
• Voy a ayudar al estudiante.
• Voy a ayudarlo.

10
Replace the DO with a DOP (Add accents if nec.)

• Mi amigo va a leer el libro.
• Mi amigo va a leerlo.
• Vamos a beber la leche.
• Vamos a beberla.
• Vas a sacar la basura.
• Vas a sacarla.
• Voy a comprar las revistas.
• Voy a comprarlas.

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The rules for DOPs are different in Spanish.

• In Spanish, DOPs go attached to and after the
  present participle.
• We are eating pizza.
• We are eating it.
• Estamos comiendo la pizza.
• Estamos comiéndola.
• I am helping the student.
• I am helping him.
• Estoy ayudando al estudiante.
• Estoy ayudándolo.

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Replace the DO with a DOP. (Add accents if nec.)

• Mi amigo está leyendo el libro.
• Mi amigo está leyéndolo.
• Estamos bebiendo la leche.
• Estamos bebiéndola.
• Estás sacando la basura.
• Estás sacándola.
• Estoy comprando las revistas.
• Estoy comprándolas.

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DOP are placed after and attached to the
affirmative command.

• Come la pizza.
• Eat the pizza.
• Cómela.
• Eat it.
• Ayuda al estudiante.
• Help the student.
• Ayúdalo.
• Help him.

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Práctica

• Lee el libro.
• Leelo.
• Bebe la leche.
• Bébela.
• Saca la basura.
• Sácala.
• Compra la revista.
• Cómprala.

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The DOP is placed between the no and the negative
command.

• No comas la pizza.
• Dont eat the pizza.
• No la comas.
• Dont eat it.
• No ayudes al estudiante.
• Dont help the student.
• No lo ayudes.
• Dont help him.

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Práctica

• No leas el libro.
• No lo leas.
• No bebas la leche.
• No la bebas.
• No saques la basura.
• No la saques.
• No compres la revista.
• No la compres.

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Indirect Object Pronouns
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Indirect Object Pronouns (IOPs)

• Indirect object pronouns are used with or to
  replace an indirect object (IO).
• What is an indirect object?
• The indirect object receives the direct object
• or is for whom or to whom the action of the verb
  is done.
• I give the book to John.
• Who receives the book?
• John- he is the IO.
• In English we could replace John with
• him.

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You already know the IOPs

• They are used with gustar and verbs like gustar.
• me nos
• te os
• le les

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Do you remember how they are translated?

• me a míto me
• te a ti to you
• le a él, a ella, y a usted to him, to her, to
  you
• nos a nosotros to us
• os a vosotros to you
• les a ellos, a ellas, y a ustedes to them, to
  you

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IOPs are also used with verbs like

• decir- to say/tell
• dar- to give
• mandar- to send
• escribir- to write
• Why do you suppose IOPs are used with these verbs?

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Spanish vs. English

• In English we may say
• I give the book to him.
• I give the book to John.
• I give John the book.
• Or
• I give him the book.

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Spanish vs. English

• Spanish has clear and specific rules about IOs
  and IOPs and their placement.
• In English we use either an indirect object
• I give the book to John.
• or an indirect object pronoun.
• I give the book to him.

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Spanish vs. English

• In Spanish you may have either just an IOP.
• Yo le doy el libro. (I give him the book.)
• Or BOTH an IOP and an indirect object.
• Yo le doy el libro a Juan.
• In Spanish you cannot have just an indirect
  object.
• Yo doy el libro a Juan.

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Práctica

• Translate
• The banker lends money to you.
• El banquero te presta dinero (a ti).
• My grandmother gives me money.
• Mi abuela me da dinero (a mí).
• The teacher gives homework to her students.
• La maestra les da tarea (a sus estudiantes).

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Double Object pronouns
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Double object pronouns

• The pronouns must always go together.
• The INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN will always come
  first.
• If LE or LES is followed by LO, LA, LOS or LAS (2
  L words together), the LE or LES will become
  SE.
• Ejemplo
• The teacher gives homework to the students.
• DO homework ? la
• IO students ? les
• La maestra les la da. ? La maestra se la da.
• (She gives it to them.)

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Práctica

• Translate
• The boy tells the truth to his mom. (He tells it
  to her.)
• El niño se la dice.
• The principal wrote me a pass. (She wrote it for
  me.)
• La directora me lo escribió.
• Pedro sends flowers to his girlfriend. (He sends
  them to her.)
• Pedro se las manda.
• My parents gave us money. (They gave it to us.)
• Mis padres nos lo dieron.