Finding Order in Diversity: Classification

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Finding Order in Diversity Classification

• Organizing Living Things

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Classification Systems

• Hierarchical system of classification with 8
  levels.
• A level is also known as a taxon.

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Three Domain System

• Further studies and analysis has given rise to
  new taxonomic categories called Domains.
• Eukarya organisms that have a nucleus
• Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
• Bacteria unicellular, prokaryotic, cell walls
  have peptidoglycan
• Kingdom Eubacteria
• Archae - unicellular, prokaryotic, cell walls Do
  Not have peptidoglycan
• Kingdom Archaebacteria
• A domain is more inclusive than any other
  category larger than a kingdom

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Taxonomy the discipline in which scientists
classify organisms and assign each organism a
universally accepted name.

• If you live in different parts of the world, you
  may call the animal below either a puma, mountain
  lion, cougar or panther. All are common names
  for the same animal.
• Scientific name Felis concolor

To avoid confusion, biologists use a
classification system to name organisms and group
them in a logical manner.
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Scientific Names

• Common names were confusing
• Early on
• The standard scientific name was a description of
  the physical characteristics of a species in
  detail.
• Drawbacks
• Lengthy names
• Different scientist gave different descriptions
• Big step forward A two-word naming system

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Carolus Linnaeus(Carol Von Linne)

• Swedish botanist
• Developed two-word naming system
• Binomial nomenclature
• Each organism is assigned a two-part scientific
  name
• Scientific name includes the Genus and Species
• A genus is a group of closely related species.
• A species is a group of organisms that can
  interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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Example the Giraffe

• Example the Giraffe
• Scientific Name Giraffa camelopardalis
• Giraffa the genus that the Giraffe belongs to
• camelopardalis the species the Giraffe belongs
  to

The scientific name is italicized Genus is
always capitalized Species is always
lower-case
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