(4) Engaging Stakeholders in Research: Participatory Appraisal (PRA)

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(4) Engaging Stakeholders in ResearchParticipat
ory Appraisal (PRA)
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Why PRA

• Engages stakeholders discussion and feedback
• Allows researcher to listen with open ear,
  absorbing new issues
• More relaxed and natural
• Can lead to action planning

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PRA as research methodology

• Be clear about intention do not creat false
  expectatiion
• Triangulation confirm observation from
  different sources and angles
• Comparative analysis understanding what makes
  the difference between areas understanding the
  driving forces
• Ranking systems

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Steps

• (1) Introduction
• (2) PRA
• Trend analysis
• Resource mapping
• Transect walk
• Problem tree analysis
• Focus group discussion
• Key person interview
• Information sharing
• (3) Feedback and validation

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1. Introduction

• Whom to invite and engage?
• Those that matter
• Those whose voice is often forgotten
• Men and women
• What status to give to the discussion
• Be clear about intentions

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Resource map

• Prepare village resource map using paper or
  coloured powder
• Indicate (in different colours)
• Roads
• Main building
• Wells (plus condition)
• Water harvesting structures
• Local streams

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Resource mapping
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Transect walks

• Systematic route through the area
• Stop at each water point, structure or gully
• Stop at each drinking water/ sanitation facility
• Making observations at all water points
• Summarize findings

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Transect walk
Systematically visiting all water points
Making notes
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Trend analysis

• Discuss with group situation now and in the past
• Take 3-4 points in time (related to political
  events) and discuss
• Population numbers
• Livestock numbers
• Type of crops
• Type and number of wells
• Condition of tanks, terraces and other structures
• Depth of water table
• Quality of water

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Trend analysis
Discuss how did things change
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Participatory water budgetting

• Prepare a simple water balance for the area,
  calculating
• Rainfall and recharge co-efficient
• Water consumption
• Cropped area (main crops) times water consumption
• No of domestic users times use/capita
• No of animals times use/ capita

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Participatory water budgetting
Groundwater availability
Groundwater usage
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Problem tree analysis

• Jointly identify water related problems
• Formulate them clearly
• Identify how they are linked causes and effects
• Identify solution tree by reversing problems into
  solutions

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Findings Problem tree ? Solution tree
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Information sharing for instance legal and
institutional awareness

• Many legal provision and institutional
  arrangements and support facilities exists
• But usually no one knows - so no one will use
• So explain what to water users what legal
  instruments or investment opportunities they have

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3. Feedback and synthezing

• Compare results from trend analysis, water
  budget, transect walks and resource maps,
  interviews with key stakeholders. Focus group
• Identify what should be done

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Discussions of findings to share and validate
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Create exchange between communities

• Create peer effects bring together
  representatives of several areas in subbasin
• So that they start to
• Share experiences
• Identify common issues
• Learn from others (why are others doing different
  than we)

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Create peer network
Exchange visit or a local fair is a good way of
bringing about the exchange of experience and
inspire people to do better or at least as good
as others in water management