Title: Institute of Agricultural Ministry of Science Genetics and Biotechnology and Technology Tel: 84 47551102 Tel: 84 49439663 Fax: 84 48 364295
1Institute of Agricultural
Ministry of ScienceGenetics and Biotechnology
and Technology
Tel 84 47551102
Tel 84 49439663Fax 84 48 364295
Fax 8449439733 Email Laf312_at_agi.ac.vn
- Binasia National Workshop
- 27-28 January 2005 Hanoi Vietnam
- Some information about agricultural
Biotechnology in private sector in Vietnam - Assoc.Prof. Le Thi Anh Hong
2I. introduction
- Vietnam is situated in the Indochina peninsula
with a total land surface area of 330,000 square
kilometers and coast line of proximately 3,200
kilometers. The country is divided into three
plains. The northern, central and southern
plains. - With around 70 of the labor force working in
agriculture and forestry, Vietnam remains an
agrarian society. although the share of
agriculture in GDP is diminishing. In 1997,
agriculture accounted for only 26 of GDP (Gross
Domestic Product) compared to 42 in 1989 which
means that the share of agriculture in GDP is now
lower than both industry (32) and service (43).
3I. introduction
- Vietnam has limited but very fertile agricultural
land. On average, the cultivated areas amounts to
only 0,1 ha per capita. Which is among lowest in
the world. Rice. Which occupies 80 of the
cultivated areas, is by far the most important
crop for both subsistence and export, although
the export earnings from coffee are of a similar
magnitude. Over the last decade, however,
agricultural production has diversified and today
industrial crops account for around 2000 of the
production
4I. introduction
- Vietnamese government recognized the importance
of biotechnology for the country. Since 1994,
biotechnology has been identified as priority is
for funding. it has been ranged the second in
importance after information technology. Despite
the limit of total funding capacity for science,
hut funding for biotechnology is increasing from
year to year. However, development of
agricultural biotechnology is still far from
expectation. Among the number of existing
reasons, the poor participation of private sector
in research development of agricultural
biotechnology could be important one. This has
historical origin. Only in recent year, Vietnam
has the Mo cua and entered market economy
system and since then, private sector start play
more and more important role in economy. This
situation happens in the area of research and
development as well as in the area of
agricultural biotechnology.
5I. introduction
- Private sector starts to have share in this area
since early 90, and shared ratio become slowly
but constantly higher in recent years. - The ultimate goal of agricultural biotechnology
in Vietnam is to create scientific basis for
development of agriculture in the country. Which
could satisfy the demand in food and row material
for industry and export. - Priorities orientations of biotechnology in
agriculture development to the year 2010 of
Vietnamese Government are (cite from MOST 1998)
6I. introduction
- 1. Selection and breeding high quality varieties
for the development of forestry, medicine herbs
and crop plants (including cell and gene
technologies.) - 2. Producing bio-fertilizer.
- 3. Producing biopesticides used in plant
protection and product conservation. - 4. Producing vaccine for animals and striving to
have new generation one. - 5. Producing KIT for diagnosis of plant and
husbandry animal diseases. - 6.Human resource training for biotechnology.
7I. introduction
- in Main scopes of agricultural biotechnology
activities have been approved to aim at - Mass propagation of healthy material for plant
and animal production. - Creating of new varieties of plant and animal
having higher yield or better quality, better
resistance to insect and diseases - Promoting the use of biological methods in plant
and animal protection to minimize the amount of
polluted agrochemical - Developing biofertilizers.
8II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.1. Plant propagation
- This is the most intensive area of agricultural
biotechnology with which agricultural
biotechnology has been developed in Vietnam. A
net of micro - propagation laboratories has been
developed by both government and private
companies. It has been calculated that every year
these factories provide to production 20-30
millions healthy seedlings. Among them forestry
plants shared 17 millions seedlings. The rest
part come to flower, ornamental, potato, cassava,
medicinal, fruit plants and other plants.
9II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.1. Plant propagation
- In the area of micro - propagation private sector
plays important role. Exist here two types of
factories. Private and government funded
factories. In private factories all investments
for establishing of the factories, running
expenses includes technology development are
fully carried out by companies or private
persons. Private factories react very quickly to
specific demand in planting material of certain
plants and provide to farmer millions of
seedlings in the locations every year. This type
of factories are usually mall, poorly funded. but
they are very operative. Most of them are
non-registered until recent years. Recent
tendency revealed that a number of private
biotechnology companies has been registered. They
are
10II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.1. Plant propagation
- functioning efficiently. answering quickly on
demand of production in the area of seedling
production. - In government funded factories, government pays
for the establishment of the factories and
training of staffs, technology transfer. Running
expenses are taken by the companies. These
factories are better equipped, production scale
are larger. The purposes of these factories are
to meet demand of provinces or government
programs in larger quantity of healthy seedlings.
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12II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.1. Plant propagation
- It is useful to mentioned about role of private
sector in providing of seedlings of fruit plants
like citrus, litc/hi, Logan by grafting and
Forestry. This part of work is carried out
exclusively by private sector.
13II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.2. Bio - products
- Bio - products are an area of intensive activity
ol private sector. It includes two types of
production bio-fertilizers and products for
plant protection- bio -pesticides and bio -
insecticides. - a. Bio - fertilizer until 2001 registered 34
types of bio - fertilizers. They are produced in
all ecological regions of the country with
different scales. The producers are as followine - 1. Sugar companies this a type of state company.
There are 35 sugar companies. All of them have
bio - fertilizer processing factory with
following production capacity.
14II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
15II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.2. Bio - products
- These sugar companies are funded by the
government, but running expenses are covered by
them- self. For production. they received
technology transfer from universities or research
institutions. At the present time they produce
70.000 ton of bio - fertilizer equal 30 of their
production capacity. It is going tendency to
privatize these sugar companies. Part of them
became shared holder companies. - 2. Private bio - fertilizer Factories These
numbers of private bio - fertilizer producing
factories that are listed below
16II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
17II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
18II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.2. Bio - products
- These companies in the most cases are to utilize
the waste of production. return it to useful
products to meet local demands in fertilizer. - Parts of Bio - fertilizer are produced by
research institution and universities in join
venture with production units in provinces. - Products for plant protection
19II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.3. Biotechnology for crop improvement
- This area of activities is covered entirely by
governments. State companies. private sectors do
not yet take part in these activities. Meanwhile
this is the most important and larger area in
agricultural biotechnology, which requires
enormous efforts from both government and private
sectors.
20II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.4. Biotechnology in Plant Diseases Control
- All of activities on quarantine procedure are
organized by Government. But in recent years.
some private companies and area of plant disease
diagnosis are emerged for eliminating important
diseases before multiplication of some kinds of
flower, potato, citrus, bananas and forestry
trees.
21II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.5. Biotechnology for cattle breeding
- Requirement of cattle breeding in funding is
higher than plant breeding. for propagation
technology of animal breeds, all of technologies
in this area are very expensive. So that it is
very difficult for every private companies to
take part in this area (for example vegetative
propagation of animal breeds). However, many
private companies try to apply advance
technologies to create the new varieties - of animal breeds in Vietnam condition to meet
demands of domestic market.
22II. PRESENT STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE
SECTOR IN AGRICULTURAL
- II.5. Biotechnology for cattle breeding
- The activities on Animal disease diagnosis on
shrimp- Fish, Beef, Pig also emerge in the
private sector. Beside, the farmers also applied
Biotechnology in taking care animal such as
chicken, shrimp, fish ... in collaboration with
some private companies from Thailand in
Vietnamese condition from sanitary animal house
in each household to nutrition region.
23III. PERSPECTIVE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN
AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
- III.1.Importance of private sector in
agricultural biotechnology in Vietnam - Vietnam is country with divers agro-ecological
regions. each region has specific needs in
planting material, specific plants varieties,
specific animal breeds. All these need should not
be covered by government programs. Private
sector, especially small and medium size
companies are flexible and quickly reacting could
fulfil these needs. Private sector could mobilize
all human and material resources on all levels to
meet specific demands in the locations.
24III. PERSPECTIVE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN
AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
- III.1.Importance of private sector in
agricultural biotechnology in Vietnam - On the other side, funding for biotechnology,
especially in the area of improvement of crops
and animal breeds are very expensive, even for
developed, rich countries. In those countries
private sector covers of total expenses for RD
in biotechnology. Vietnam is poor country,
involvement of private sector for development of
biotechnology is of extreme importance
25III. PERSPECTIVE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN
AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
- III.2. Privatization tendency in agricultural
biotechnology - We can note following tendency in the area of
agricultural biotechnology - A number of newly funded private companies
working in the area of Agricultural biotechnology
increased remarkably in recent years. - Number of State owned enterprises become shared
holder is increased. These enterprises
consequently will he act as private company
26III. PERSPECTIVE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN
AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
- III.2. Privatization tendency in agricultural
biotechnology - We can note following tendency in the area of
agricultural biotechnology - Government funded laboratories (factories)
presently are working on self funded base. To
increase efficiency of these factories it is
beneficial to return them in to shared holder
enterprises. - The private sector in the most important area
biotechnology for improvement of crop varieties
and animal breeds still do not exist. There must
be created favorable conditions for these
companies to come.
27IV. CONCLUSION
- Ultimately, biotechnology is more than just a new
and useful agricultural tool. It could also be a
hugely important instrument of economic
development in many poorer regions of Vietnam.
The participation of the private sector is
essential to the further development of the seed
and biotechnology industries in Vietnam, we would
like help us to prepare appropriate policies be
adopted to encourage the private sector, both
domestic and international, to engage in private
seed and other biotechnology enterprises in
Vietnam
28IV. CONCLUSION
- This, in turn, would be an important step in the
journey toward genuine food security. But as a
report published contends ills critical that the
potential benefits of biotechnology (especially
gene technology) become available to developing
countries, it is also critical that biotechnology
(especially gene technology) become available to
private sector.
29IV. CONCLUSION
- Because the participation of the private sector
is essential to the seed and biotechnology
industries in Vietnam, Can you BINASIA support
for prepare an appropriate policies be adopted
to encourage the private sector, both domestic
and international, to engage in private seed and
other biotechnology enterprises in Vietnam.
30IV. CONCLUSION
- Because policy makers, scientists, farmers, and
the public have limited access to information as
a basis for informed decision making, and because
this limitation is exacerbated by the fact that
most information related to biotechnology is in
English, the Panel recommends support for the
establishment and operation of a biotechnology
outreach and communications program that would
disseminate information in the local language and
help train agricultural biotechnology
stakeholders in biotechnology communications.
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