Mark Mulligan

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Mark Mulligan Yen-Shen Sam Chen Kai-Ping
Wang Dina Cottrell Michelle Gonzales
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CONTENTS

• Introduction
• by Mark Mulligan
• Coal, Oil and Gas
• by Yen-Shen Sam
• Nuclear
• by Kai-Ping Wang
• New Energy
• by Dina Cottrell
• Urban Infill
• by Michelle Gonzales
• Conclusion
• by Mark Mulligan

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Presentation Outline
Introduction

• Problem Statement - Fueling the Future (
  Keeping the end results in mind )
• Identify U.S.s current energy status
• Resources Process Products Output -
  Outcomes
• Introduce new technological solutions to offer a
  solution to what the system cycle should be.

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Introduction
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Introduction
Keeping the end results in mind
Some experts think that US energy consumption is
part of the reason behind the 911 terrorist
attacks?
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Introduction
Keeping the end results in mind
Some experts believe that fossil fuel emissions
is leading to Global Warming.
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Problem Statement Fueling the Future
Introduction

• The U.S. is too dependent on foreign oil, thus
  keeping our country focused on the middle east.
• ( The Oil - Terrorism - War Continuum
  )
• Coal Electric Plants and Automobile emissions are
  polluting the air and causing global warming.
• Philosophical conflicts between opinion leaders
  to solve future energy needs.
• Enormous financial costs in research and
  development to diversify energy needs.

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Introduction
Predicted changes in US energy consumption by the
year 2100. Do we have philosophical conflicts
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Introduction
U.S. Electric Net Generation by Energy Source
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Introduction
Electric plants are the major buyer of coal,
accounting for 92 of all coal consumed.
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US Oil Imports
Introduction
Turning oil into gas for transportation vehicles
accounts for 65 of US consumption.
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Introduction
The End Result of the System Cycle
Burning coal and oil causes air pollution by
emitting sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the
atmosphere, thus causing acid rain and
contributing to global warming.
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Global Warming is Happening
Introduction

• The U.S. has only 4 of the worlds population
  but produces nearly 25 of the global warming
  emissions.
• The U.S. produces more global warming emissions
  per capita than any other nation.

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Coal Oil - Gas
Coal
Oil
Gas
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Total U.S. Energy Consumption byPrimary Energy
Source
Coal Oil - Gas
Source DPA Energy Facts, Energy Statistic 2001
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Coal Oil - Gas
Source Energy information administration/ Annual
Energy outlook 2006
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Coal Oil - Gas
Total energy production and consumption 1980-2030
(quadrillion Btu)
source Energy information administration/ Annual
Energy outlook 2006
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Coal Oil - Gas
North American Energy Resources

• Over the past 25 years U.S. demand for energy has
  increased by 35 while our supply has only
  increased by 17.
• We import 14 of the gas and 53 of the oil we
  use.

Fig. 14.17, p. 338
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Coal Oil - Gas
Coal Production

• Coal production in the Untied States reached
  1,112 million of tons in the year 2004
• Accounts for 51 of domestic energy production

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Oil Imports --Too dependent on foreign oil
Coal Oil - Gas
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Where are global petroleum deposits located?
Coal Oil - Gas
Organization of Petroleum Exploring
Countries Saudi Arabia Iran Iraq Venezuela K
uwait UAE Libya Nigeria Indonesia Algeria Qa
tar
USA 3
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U.S. Natural Gas Production vs. Consumption
Coal Oil - Gas
Billion Cubic Feet per Day
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Coal Oil - Gas
Oil Crisis and Dirty Impacts

• Oil Crisis---Too dependent on foreign oil
• Impacts of our reliance on dirty energy sources
• - Global warming
• - Health effects from air pollution
• - Spills from oil

                             
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Coal Oil - Gas
Health Effects from Air Pollution

• About 146 million people live in counties where
  monitored air pollution levels in 2002 reached
  unhealthy levels.
• Highway vehicles are a major contributor to air
  pollution in the U.S., producing 29-63 of key
  chemicals that cause smog and health problems.

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Spills from oil
Coal Oil - Gas

• 1.7 million gallons of petroleum are spilled
  into U.S. waters from vessels and pipelines in a
  typical year
• A single major spill can double that amount.

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Nuclear
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Nuclear
The Global Picture Today

• The first commercial nuclear power stations
  started operation in the 1950s.
• There are now some 441 commercial nuclear power
  reactors operating in 31 countries, with a total
  capacity of about 368 gigawatts.
• They supply 16 of the world's electricity, as
  base-load power, and their efficiency is
  increasing.

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Nuclear
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Nuclear
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Nuclear
Note Taipower uses nuclear energy to generate
22 of electricity on the island of Taiwan.
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Nuclear
Nuclear Power in US Today

• The USA has over 100(104) nuclear reactors.
• Producing a total of 97,400 megawatts (electric),
  which is approximately 20 percent of the nation's
  total electric energy consumption.
• Extension of reactor lifetimes and new reactors.

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Nuclear
Source U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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Nuclear
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Nuclear
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Nuclear
Problems

• Great damage to the environment Waste heat in
  water systems/ Solid waste
• Health effect on population near nuclear plants
• Serious risks such as accident or attack
• The proliferation of nuclear weapons

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Nuclear
video
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Wind
Renewable Energy
Solar
Hydroelectric
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Biomass
Electric Vehicles
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Renewable Energy
Wind Power

• 6 of renewable electricity
• 0.1 percent of total U.S. electricity supply
• Research and redesigns have cut cost for wind
  energy by 80 percent
• Used as stand-alone applications, or connected to
  a utility power grid
• Large amounts of Space and noise

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Renewable Energy
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Renewable Energy
Wind Power

• Personal wind power
• Built-up areas on roof tops
• Quite and cost less
• Cuts cost of electricity by two-thirds

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Renewable Energy
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Renewable Energy
Solar Power

• 1 of renewable electricity
• 0.02 percent of total U.S. electricity supply
• Heat water, lighting buildings or walk ways
• Reduces need by about two-thirds

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Renewable Energy
High Efficient Solar Power

• Break through in highly efficient solar power
  technology
• Thin layer of a unique metal alloy and cheap
• Homes completely self-sufficient
• Meet demands even in winter

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Fueling the Future
Renewable Energy
Hydroelectric Power

• 266 Billion kilowatts
• Generates 7 of nations energy
• Leon County has an C.H. Corn hydroelectric plant

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Fueling the Future
Renewable Energy
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Power

• Fifty million tons of hydrogen is produced each
  year worldwide
• Nine million tons being consumed in the U.S.
• Generates about 10 of the nation's energy
• Water, biomass, coal, natural gas

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Fueling the Future
Renewable Energy
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Power

• 65 of the oil consumed in the United States is
  used for transportation
• Doesnt contribute to groundwater pollution and
  harmful emissions
• One gallon of water
• One gallon of gasoline

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Renewable Energy
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Renewable Energy
Electric Vehicles

• Lithium battery pack technology provides 100 of
  the energy
• Zero emission vehicle
• Speeds in excess of 90 MPH

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Renewable Energy
Electric Vehicles
Flex-fuel vehicles can run on either gasoline or
ethanol. Today there are over 1.5 GM flex-fuel
vehicles on the road.
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Renewable Energy
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Renewable Energy
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Renewable Energy
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Biomass

• Biomass any plant derived organic matter
  available on a renewable basis
• Develop and improve technology to produce
  biofuels (ethanol), make plastics and chemicals

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Turning Waste Into Oil
Biomass
Resource http//www.changingworldtech.com
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Biomass
Some scientist say that algae can help with
fueling the future.
Source http//www.blog.speculist.com/archives/000
607.html
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Biomass
Brazil makes ethanol from sugar cane accounting
for 40 of its nations automobile energy
supply.
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The End Results
Conclusion

• According to the Department of Homeland Security,
  less terrorists threats on our country.
• According to the U.S. Military, fewer deployment
  of troops around the world fighting battles.
• According to the Department of Energy, less
  dependency on foreign imported energy, less
  consumption fossil fuel energy, more use of
  renewable energy.
• According to the EPA a cleaner and more
  healthier environment
• Philosophical harmony between opinion leaders by
  adhering more to the Leaver Philosophy
  purported by Daniel Quinn.

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Urban Infill
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Urban Sustainability
Urban Infill

• Enhanced well-being of cities or urban regions
• Integrated economic, ecological, and social
  components
• Maintains the quality of life for future
  generations

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National Competitive Advantage
Urban Infill

• A nations competitive advantage is directly
  related to the performance of its cities
• Ultimate goal is to retain enhance competitive
  position in the global economy
• Understanding the measures and policies that
  determine quality of life

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Efficient Use of Resources
Urban Infill

• Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
• Natural resources
• Resources may also include social and economic
  resources
• Management of future and existing growth

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Growth Management South Florida
Urban Infill

• 2002 Census Miami-Dade County 2.33 million
  residents
• 5 persons per sq. mile (census.gov)
• Continued astronomical growth forecasted for
  future

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Florida Growth Management
Urban Infill

• Blueprint for action that better ensures quality
  communities well into the future
• Growth Management Study Commission

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Miami Sprawl 1913 vs. 1997
Urban Infill
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Urban Infill?
Urban Infill

• Takes into account forgotten lands that can be
  profitable efficient areas
• Revitalizes older urban neighborhoods
• Promotes economic development
• Increases affordability of urban housing
• Improvements in infrastructure transportation
• More livable urban areas

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Plight of Downtown Miami
Urban Infill

• Once bustling downtown cores
• Today relegated to No Mans Lands
• Blighted and neglected
• Economic disinvestment
• Few housing opportunities

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Time for Change is NOW
Urban Infill

• Where there are now few restaurants, there will
  be robust dining options. Where there are empty
  sidewalks after hours, there will be sidewalks
  filled with shopping and entertainment (Miami
  Downtown Development Agency, n.d)

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Smart Growth Infill Development
Urban Infill

• Smart Growth environmentally friendly, economic
  driven, supports livability
• Encourages recycling of developed sites,
  mixed-uses, infill development, auto alternatives
  
• Infill at higher densities intensities
• Discourages urban sprawl
• Preserves open space

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Advancing Efficient Use of Land
Urban Infill

• Changes to current zoning that contribute to more
  economic efficient uses of land
• Special designation

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Magic City
Urban Infill

• Revitalize downtowns identity
• Economic Reinvestment
• Increased housing affordability

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Miami DDA
Urban Infill

• http//www.miamidda.com/