Past participles used as adjectives

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Past participles used as adjectives

• Mosaicos, p. 481

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English past participle
The past participle of most English verbs are
formed by adding ed to the infinitive form of
the verb walk ? walked close ?
closed talk ? talked ? However,
many English past participles are irregular sing
? sung write ? written eat ? eaten
drink ? drunk
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Spanish past participle
The past participle is formed in Spanish by
adding ado to the stem of ar verbs and by
adding ido to the stem of er, -ir verbs.
(-ar) verbs Past participle (-er, -ir) verbs Past participle
cantar (to sing) cantado beber (to drink) bebido
bailar (to dance) bailado comprender (to understand) comprendido
andar (to walk) andado vivir (to live) vivido
saltar (to jump) saltado reír (to laugh) reído
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Spanish irregular past participle
The Spanish verbs also have irregular past
participle
infinitive Past participle infinitive Past participle
abrir (to open) abierto morir (to die) muerto
cubrir (to cover) cubierto poner (to put) puesto
decir (to say,tell) dicho resolver (to resolve) resuelto
descubrir (to discover) descubierto romper (to break) roto
escribir (to write) escrito ver (to see) visto
hacer (to do) hecho volver (to come back) vuelto
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Past participle used as an adjective
In Spanish as in English, the past participle can
be used as an adjective to modify a noun. The
past participle as an adjective, must agree in
number and gender with the noun that it
modifies Las puertas están cerradas Los
ejercicios están hechos La ventana está rota La
cama está hecha
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ESTAR Past participle
The past participle in Spanish is normally used
with the verb ESTAR to describe conditions that
are the result of a previous action. Yo abrí la
ventana. Ahora, la ventana está abierta. Yo
hice mi tarea. Ahora, mi tarea está hecha. Yo
pinté mis casas. Ahora mis casas están pintadas.
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Práctica
Complete the following sentences with the correct
verb Lucía está _____________ en el sofá. A.
dormido B. dormida C. hecho D. hecha
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Práctica (cont.)
Complete the following sentences with the correct
verb Lucía está _____________ en el sofá. A.
dormido B. dormida C. hecho D. hecha
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Práctica (cont.)
Complete the following sentences with the correct
verb Los estudiantes están _____________ en
las sillas. A. rotos B. rotas C. sentados D.
sentatas
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Práctica (cont.)
Complete the following sentences with the correct
verb Los estudiantes están _____________ en
las sillas. A. rotos B. rotas C. sentados D.
sentatas
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Práctica (cont.)
Complete the following sentences with the correct
verb Las matemáticas están _____________ en la
pizarra. A. escritos B. escritas C. bailados D.
bailadas
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Buen trabajo!
Hoy hemos aprendido a usar los participios como
adjetivos.