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??? ???? ?????? ?????? STERILIZATION

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STERILIZATION Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli University – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ??? ???? ?????? ?????? STERILIZATION


1
??? ???? ?????? ?????? STERILIZATION
  • Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
  • Dept. of Medical Microbiology,
  • Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli University
  • Tripoli - Libya

2
What is Sterilization?
  • The removal of all forms of living material.
  • Important First Objects to Be Sterilized Should
    Be Cleaned by Washing.

3
METHODS OF STERILIZATION
  • 1. DRY HEAT
  • Red Heat
  • Hot - Air Oven
  • 160o/ 60 minutes
  • 180o/ 20 minutes
  • 2. MOIST HEAT
  • Tyndallization gt 100oC/ 30 minutes On 3
    Consecutive Days.
  • The Autoclave gt Pressurized Steam.
  • 121oC/ 1.1 bar for 15 minutes.
  • 134oC/ 2.2 bar for 3 minutes.

4
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6
  • TESTS FOR AUTOCLAVE FUNCTION
  • The Bowie-Dick Autoclave Tape Test
  • Browne's Tubes
  • Automatic Controls or Pen Records
  • Bacteriological Tests (Spore Tests)

7
  • 2. IRRADIATION
  • i. Ultra - Violet Radiation (UV)
  • a. Not Recommended.
  • b. Poor penetration in Air.
  • c. Suitable to Reduce Microbial Counts
  • in Safety Cabinets.
  • ii. Gamma - Ray Radiation
  • Source Cobalt 60.
  • a. Lethal to All Forms of Microbial
  • Life.
  • b. Used Commercially.

8
  • 3. FILTRATION
  • Bacterial Stopping Filters.
  • 4. GASES
  • i. Ethylene Oxide Gas
  • a. Ventilators.
  • b. Toxic Explodes When Mixed with Air.
  • ii. Formaldehyde
  • a. Rooms and Lab. Cabinets.

9
  • 5. LIQUIDES
  • Disinfectants.
  • i. Glutaraldehyde
  • a. Sterilizing Heat Sensitive Pieces of
    Equipments.

10
  • Forms of Sterilization by Heat and Principle
    Uses.
  • __________________________________________________
    _____________
  • Type of Heat Use
  • __________________________________________________
    _____________
  • DRY
  • 1. Red Heat. Microbiological Loops.
    Incineration of Used
  • Lab. Culture Plates.
  • 2. Hot - Air Oven. Many Surgical Dental
    Instruments but Not Fabrics or Rubber.
  • --------------------------------------------------
    --------------------------------------------------
    ------
  • MOIST
  • 1. Steam at 100oC Some Bacteriological Media.
  • On 3 Consecutive Days.
  • 2. Pressurized Most Surgical and Dental
    Instruments,
  • Steam (Autoclave). Fabrics Dressings (If
    Wrapped) Most Microbiological Media
    Glassware.
  • __________________________________________________
    _____________

11
  • Heat Content of Water and Steam
  • _______________________________________
  • Phase Temp. Heat Content (kJ/kg)
  • of oC Sensible Latent Total
  • Water Heat Heat Heat
  • --------------------------------------------------
    ---------------
  • Liquid 100 419 0 419
  • Vapour 100 419 2257 2676
  • Vapour 121 509 2199 2708
  • Vapour 135 567 2160 2727
  • _______________________________________

12
  • PROPERTIES OF STEAM
  • i. Moisture content
  • ii. Heat content
  • iii. Penetration

13
  • PRESSURE STEAM STERILIZERS
  • 1. Porous Load Sterilizers (Prevacuum type)
  • Removal of air and heating of the chamber.
  • Sterilization of the load.
  • Removal of steam and drying of the load by
    mechanical evacuation.
  • Admission of filtered air to restoration
    atmospheric pressure.

14
  • 2. Downward Displacement Jacketed
  • Sterilizers
  • Gradual displacement of air by incoming steam
    while the chamber is heated to the selected
    sterilizing temp.
  • Sterilization of the textile packs for
  • 30 min/ 121oc.
  • Drying of the load by partial vacuum.
  • Restoration of the chamber to
  • atmospheric pressure.

15
  • 3. Unwrapped Instrument and Utensil
  • Sterilizers
  • DSL autoclaves
  • 4. Fluid Sterilizers
  • e.g. water, iv solutions, etc.

16
  • Factors influencing sterilization time for
    fluids
  • rate of heating of the chamber
  • type of container
  • viscosity of the liquid
  • volume of the liquid
  • trapped air

17
"??? ???? ?????? ??????" DISINFECTION AND
DISINFECTANTS
  • Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
  • Dept. of Medical Microbiology,
  • Faculty of Medicine, Al-Fateh University
  • Tripoli - Libya

18
Disinfection
  • The removal of most of the pathogenic
    microorganism, but often non-pathogenic or
    resistant forms of pathogens remain.

19
Methods of Disinfection
  • A. Cleaning
  • Instruments with high risk organic material gtgt
  • Treat with strong disinfectant gtgt Cleaning gtgt
    Sterile or dispose of.

20
  • B. Disinfection by Heat
  • i. Pasteurization
  • ii. Boiling water
  • iii. Flaming off alcohol
  • C. Physical Methods
  • Ultrasonics
  • Ultrasonic vibration gt
  • Disrupte microorganisms
  • e.g. Ultrasonic scalers.

21
  • D. Chemical Disinfectants
  • Denaturing protein or lipid
  • Act Disrupting the biosynthetic pathways
  • I. Phenols
  • Clear phenolic solutions
  • Black and White Phenolic Compounds
  • Chloroxylenol (Dettol)
  • Hexachlorophane Pre-operative scrub

22
  • II. Halogenic Compounds
  • Hypochlorites Effective gt HBV
  • Iodine Alcohol
  • Pre-operative skin antiseptic.
  • Bovidone Iodine
  • an anti-plaque agent.

23
  • III. Aldehydes
  • Formaldehyde
  • Gluteraldehyde
  • Alcohol
  • -----------------------
  • Antiseptics
  • Are bacteriostatic agents that can be used on
    skin and mucosal surfaces.

24
  • IV. Diguanides
  • Chlorhexdine
  • 0.5 70 alcohol gtgtgt Skin

  • disinfectant
  • Chlorhexidine gluconate
  • Treatment of oral candidosis oral

  • ulceration

25
  • V. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
  • Cetrimide
  • VI. Organic Dyes
  • e.g. gentian violet

26
  • Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of
    Disinfectants
  • Tests of the Proper Functioning of Liquid
    Disinfectants
  • " In-use" Tests.

27
  • Storage of Sterile Instruments
  • Never store instruments in liquid disinfectants.
  • Waste Disposal
  • Special Problems
  • HBV, HCV and HIV (AIDS)

28
  • Sterilization and Disinfection
  • in Dentistry
  • Sterilization gtgtgt Autoclave.
  • Dental instruments can and should be
  • autoclaved after each patient.
  • Nozzles of air and water spray ??
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