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Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)

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Title: Chapter One Author: PAUL Last modified by: sjpp Created Date: 9/10/1999 7:21:11 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show Other titles – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)


1
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
  • Service that simplifies IP address management

FIGURE 11-12 BOOTP process
  • Diskless workstations are workstations that do
    not contain any hard disks

2
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
  • Automated means of assigning a unique IP address
    to every device on a network
  • Reasons for implementing DHCP
  • Reduce the time and planning spent on IP address
    management
  • Reduce the potential for errors in assigning IP
    addresses
  • Enable users to move their workstations and
    printers without having to change their TCP/IP
    configuration
  • Make IP addressing transparent for mobile users

3
DHCP Leasing Process
  • Lease
  • Agreement between DHCP server and client on how
    long the client will borrow a DHCP-assigned
    address

FIGURE 11-13 DHCP lease agreement
4
Terminating a DHCP Lease
  • Release
  • Act of terminating a DHCP lease
  • To release TCP/IP settings in Windows 95
  • Click Start, then Run
  • In the Run box, type winipcfg, then click OK

FIGURE 11-14 IP Configuration window
5
Terminating a DHCP Lease
  • To release TCP/IP settings in Windows 95 (cont.)
  • In the IP Configuration box, click Release All to
    release the DHCP lease
  • Click OK to accept the confirmation message

6
Obtaining a New IP Address on a Windows 95 Machine
  • Click Start, then Run
  • In the Run box, type winipcfg, then click OK
  • In the IP Configuration box, click Renew All to
    obtain new TCP/IP from the DHCP server
  • Click OK to accept the confirmation message
  • Click OK to close the IP Configuration box

7
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
  • Provides a means of resolving NetBIOS names with
    IP addresses
  • WINS offers several advantages
  • Guarantees a unique NetBIOS name is used for each
    computer on a network
  • Support for DHCP
  • Better network performance

8
Configuring a Windows 95 Workstation for WINS
Service
  • Right-click Network Neighborhood, then click
    Properties in the shortcut menu
  • In the Network Properties box, click
    Configuration
  • Highlight the TCP/IP protocol in the list of
    installed networking components, then click
    Properties
  • Click WINS Configuration
  • Click Enable WINS Resolution to establish the
    identity of your WINS server

9
Configuring a Windows 95 Workstation for WINS
Service
  • Type the IP address the your WINS server next to
    the Primary WINS Server text box
  • If you have a second WINS Server, types its IP
    address in the spaces provided next to the
    Secondary WINS Server text box
  • Click OK to save changes
  • Click OK to exit Network Properties
  • Click Yes to restart the computer

10
Review of TCP/IP Subprotocols
  • Internet Protocol (IP)
  • Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
  • User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
  • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
  • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
  • Telnet
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

11
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
  • Allows the client to send a broadcast message
    with the MAC address of a device and receive the
    devices IP address in reply

FIGURE 11-15 How RARP works
12
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) and Post
Office Protocol (POP)
  • SMTP
  • Responsible for moving messages from one e-mail
    server to another
  • POP
  • Provides centralized storage for e-mail messages

13
Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)
  • Mail storage and manipulation protocol that
    depends on SMTPs transport system
  • Developed as a more sophisticated alternative to
    POP
  • Most current version is version 4 (IMAP4)
  • Biggest advantage of IMAP4 over POP relates to
    the fact users can store messages on the mail
    server

14
Additional Features of IMAP4
  • Users can retrieve all or only a portion of any
    mail message
  • Users can review their messages and delete them
    while the messages remain on the server
  • Users can create sophisticated methods of
    organizing messages on the server
  • Users can share a mailbox in a central location
  • IMAP4 can provide better security than POP
    because it supports authentication

15
TCP/IP Troubleshooting
  • Packet Internet Groper (PING)
  • Troubleshooting utility that can verify TCP/IP is
    installed, bound to the NIC, configured
    correctly, and communicating with the network
  • An echo request is a signal sent out to another
    computer
  • An echo reply is the other computers response
    signal
  • Process of sending this signal back and forth is
    known as pinging

16
Packet Internet Groper (PING)
FIGURE 11-17 Syntax of PING command
17
Packet Internet Groper (PING)
FIGURE 11-18 Example of successful and
unsuccessful PING
18
Netstat and Nbstat
  • Netstat
  • Displays statistics and the state of current
    TCP/IP connections
  • Nbstat
  • Provides information about NetBIOS names and
    their addresses

19
Nslookup and Traceroute
  • Nslookup
  • Allows you to look up the DNS host name of a
    network node by specifying its IP address, or
    vice versa
  • Traceroute
  • Uses ICMP to trace the path from one networked
    node to another
  • Also known as tracert on Windows machines

20
Internet Services
  • World Wide Web (WWW)
  • Collection of interfaced networks that share
    resources and exchange information according to
    specific protocols and formats
  • Browser
  • Software that provides clients with a simple,
    graphical interface to the Web

21
World Wide Web (WWW)
  • Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
  • Standard means of identifying every Web page
  • Unqualified host name
  • Host name minus its prefix

22
E-mail andFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  • E-mail
  • Currently, e-mail is the most relied-upon
    Internet service you will manage
  • FTP
  • Manages files transfers between TCP/IP hosts

23
Gopher and Newsgroups
  • Gopher
  • Allows you to navigate through a series of menus
    to find and read specific files
  • Newsgroups
  • Provides means of conveying messages in which
    information is distributed to a wide group of
    users at once
  • Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
  • Supports process of reading newsgroup messages,
    posting new messages, and transferring news files
    between news servers

24
E-commerce andInternet Telephony
  • E-commerce
  • Means of conducting business over the Web
  • Internet Telephony
  • Provision of telephone service over the Internet
  • Voice over IP (VoIP)
  • Standardization of Internet telephony

25
Chapter Summary
  • Every device on a TCP/IP-based network must have
    a unique IP address to ensure reliable data
    delivery
  • In addition to Class A, B, and C networks, Class
    D and E networks exist, although consumers and
    companies do not use them
  • To use IP addresses more efficiently, the concept
    of subnetting was applied to the Internet in the
    mid-1980s

26
Chapter Summary
  • Gateways are a combination of software and
    hardware that enable two different network
    segments to exchange data
  • A socket is a logical address assigned to a
    specific process running on a host computer
  • The use of port numbers simplifies TCP/IP
    communications
  • Every host belongs to a domain

27
Chapter Summary
  • In the mid-1980s, the Network Information Center
    (NIC) at Stanford Research Institute devised a
    hierarchical way of tracking domain names and
    their addresses, called the Domain Name System
    (DNS)
  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is an
    automated means of assigning a unique IP address
    to every device on a network
  • With DHCP, a device leases an IP address while it
    attached to the network

28
Chapter Summary
  • Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) provides a
    means of resolving NetBIOS names with IP
    addresses
  • TCP/IP is a suite of protocols, commonly called
    subprotocols
  • TCP/IP carries the highest potential of causing
    problems because it requires the most planning
    and post-installation configuration

29
Chapter Summary
  • TCP/IP comes with a complete set of
    troubleshooting tools that can help you to track
    down most TCP/IP-related problems
  • There are numerous Internet services, including
    the World Wide Web, e-mail, File Transfer
    Protocol, gopher, newsgroups, e-commerce, and
    Internet Telephony
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