Chemical Elements

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Chemical Elements
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Objectives

• List the chemical elements making up
  carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
• Describe how large molecules are formed

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Vocabulary

• Polymers
• Monomers
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins

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• Polymers large organic molecules
• 1. Carbohydrates
• 2. Lipids
• 3. Proteins
• Made up of smaller, repeating building blocks
  called MONOMERS
• MONOMER MONOMER POLYMER

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Examples of Polymers
Proteins
Lipids (fats)
Carbohydrates
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• Most organic molecules are made up of carbon,
  hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and
  sulfur (CHNOPS)

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• -Carbohydrates organic compound made up of
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• -Provide energy and food for organisms

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Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharide-single sugar unit

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Carbohydrates

• Oligosaccharides -two to ten sugar units

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Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharide many sugar units

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• -Fats organic compounds made up of
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• -Used for energy reserve

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• Proteins organic compound made up of
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Phosphorous
• Sulfur
• -Essential for life functions and as food source

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Proteins
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Carbs, fats, and proteins have small subunits and
make complex large molecules
HOW?
Adding small subunits together to form large
polymers- polymerization
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Starch (complex carbohydrate) test
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• Potassium iodide solution added
• Starch present- turns blue-black
• Iodine forms molecules with parts of starch

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Testing for sugar
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• Benedicts solution added
• In presences of glucose, changes color

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Testing for protein
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• Add Biurets solution
• Turns purple/deep violet if protein present

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Testing for fat
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• Add sudan red
• Turns red in presence of fat