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Westward to the Pacific By Joseph Enge

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Title: Westward to the Pacific By Joseph Enge


1
Westward to the PacificBy Joseph Enge
2
  • I. Trails to the West

3
  • A. The Sante Fe Trail
  • B. Exploration of the Rocky Mountains the
    Sierra Nevada by Mountain men like James
    Beckwourth, Jedidiah Smith, Tom Fitzpatrick, Joe
    Walker, and Jim Bridger.

4
  • C. American interest in the Oregon country
  • 1. The Oregon Trail first opened in 1841
  • 2. Between 1841 1845 5,000 people trudged
    the trail
  • 3. Formation of government by American
    settlers 1843
  • D. Opening of the California Trail by
    Americans 1841
  • E. Settlement of Utah by Brigham Young the
    Mormons 1847

5
  • II. Gone to Texas
  • A. American land grants in Texas, by 1830 16,000
    Americans had settled in Texas. They outnumbered
    the Mexicans
  • 4 to 1.

6
  • B. American-Mexican tensions
  • 1. Religion
  • 2. Slavery
  • 3. Representation
  • 4. American interests in Texas

7
General Santa Anna
  • C. The Texas Revolution
  • 1. 1834 General Santa Anna made
    himself dictator of Mexico
  • 2. In 1835 Santa Anna established military
    rule in Texas

8

Travis
Bowie Crockett
  • 3. William B. Travis, Stephen Austin, Jim Bowie,
    and Sam Houston led Texas volunteers against
    Santa Anna
  • 4. March 2, 1836 Texas adopts a declaration of
    independence
  • 5. Feb- March 1836 Santa Anna with 5,000 troops
    attacks the Texas garrison of 180 men and led by
    William Travis, David Bowie, and Davie Crockett
    at the Alamo.


9
The Alamo
The Texas Flag
  • 6. Battle of San Jacinto April 21, 1836 Santa
    Anna is defeated and later captured by the
    Texans. Texas obtains its independence, the Lone
    Star Republic.

10
Texas Independence
11
  • III. Manifest Destiny
  • A. Anglo-American treaties
  • 1. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1842
    finalized the U.S.- Canadian border in Maine
    Minnesota
  • 2. The Oregon settlement 1846 extended the
    U.S.-Canadian border along the 49-degree
    latitude.
  • B. Annexation of Texas on December 29,
    1845

12
Oregon Boundary Settlement
13
James Polk 11th President of the U.S. 1845-1849
  • C. American interests in California
  • 1. James K. Polk, an expansionist, is elected
    president 1844
  • 2. 1845 Polk sends Captain John C. Fremont with
    well-armed men to survey a route to California
    and to assist should war break out between the
    U.S. and Mexico.

14
General Zachary Taylor
  • D. War with Mexico
  • 1. Mexican-American clash on the Rio Grande
    April 1846
  • 2. American declaration of war May 13, 1846.
    General Zachary Taylor captures Monterrey Sep
    1846 and defeats the Mexicans at Beuna Vista
    Feb 1847.

15
Admiral Sloat
Captain Fremont

General Kearny
Admiral Stockton
  • 3. Fremont, Sloat, and Kearney secure California
    by Jan of 1847. Admiral Stockton replaces Sloat.

16
General Scott at Veracruz
  • 4. March 1847 General Winfield Scott captured
    Veracruz. The largest amphibious operation of any
    nation up to that time.

17
  • 5. September 14, 1847 General Scott captures
    Mexico City

18
Overview of the Campaigns
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  • 6. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo February 1848
    ends the war with the following provisions
  • a. The U.S. obtains California, Arizona,
    Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, and parts of
    Wyoming Colorado
  • b. We would pay them 15 million and
    assume some 3 million of their debts to us
    for it
  • c. The U.S. would recognize the property
    rights of Mexicans living in these areas
  • d. Later in 1853 we would make the Gadsen
    Purchase for 10 million for additional land
    south of Arizona and New Mexico

20
Manifest Destiny Realized
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  • E. The gold rush in California
  • 1. January 1848 gold is discovered at
    Sutter's sawmill
  • 2. By 1849 crowds of gold seekers were
    heading for California
  • 3. September 9, 1850 California became the
    31st state in the Union.
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