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Practical English Phonetics

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Practical English Phonetics Contents I. Introduction II. The organs of speech III. English Speech Sounds IV. Sounds in Connected Speech V. Intonation I. Introduction ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Practical English Phonetics


1
Practical English Phonetics
2
Contents
  • I. Introduction
  • II. The organs of speech
  • III. English Speech Sounds
  • IV. Sounds in Connected Speech
  • V. Intonation

3
  • I. Introduction
  • The importance of phonetic study
  • A) Phonetics is the science and study of speech
    sounds ( sounds made by human speech organs
    representing meaning ). It deals with the sound
    system of a language.
  • Phonetics is a branch of linguistics phonetics,
    vocabulary and grammar.
  • Speech sound is the basic element for word
    grammar to rely on.
  • (To learn any spoken language, the first step is
    to learn the basic sounds. )

4
  • a) Relations between speech sound word
  • i) sound affects the formation of words
  • Describe---description five----fifteen
    twelve----twelfth
  • (onomatopoeia)
  • cackle quack honk twitter chirp
    grunt roar giggle blab
  • soup slurp sip slop sloppy slob
  • ii) Sounds irregular verb form change
  • /e/ in original form, no change in other 2 past
    forms.
  • E.g. Bet bet bet let let let upset
    upset upset
  • Spread spread spread

5
  • / i / in origin form, / i / is changed into /e
    / in other forms
  • E.g. Meet met met feed fed fed lead
    led led
  • Leave left left keep kept kept
    read read read
  • Sleep slept slept feel felt felt
    sweep swept swept
  • Verbs with /d / in original form, d changed into
    / t /
  • E g. Send sent sent bend bent bent lend lent
    lent
  • Spend spent spent build built built

6
  • / ? / in original verb forms, vowels changed into
    /? / or
  • / ? /
  • E g. Sing sang sang ring rang rang
  • sink sank sank Swin swam swam
  • drink drank drunk spring sprang sprung
  • Begin began begun swing swung swung
  • sling slug slung Fling flung flung
  • wring wrung wrung

7
  • / ? / /? / /? / /? /
  • sink sunk( sank) sunk
  • stink stunk (stank) stunk
  • spin spun (span) spun
  • hang hung (hanged) hung (hanged)

8
  • / a? /changed into /?? / / ? /
  • /a?/ /??/ /?n/
  • ride rode ridden
  • drive drove driven
  • write wrote written
  • rise rose risen
  • arise arose arisen
  • stride strode stridden
  • strive strove striven
  • thrive throve thriven

9
  • /i/ / ?? / / ?? /
  • speak spoke spoken
  • steal stole stolen
  • freeze froze frozen
  • break broke broken
  • choose chose chosen
  • /??/ /?/ /?/
  • wear wore worn
  • tear tore torn
  • bear bore born
  • swear swore sworn

10
  • iii) Relations between sound and grammar.
  • Sounds determine parts of speech
  • desert desert
  • insult insult
  • record record
  • conduct conduct
  • content content
  • present present
  • close close bow bow
  • lead lead tear tear

11
  • verb tense
  • read read
  • number of nouns
  • man men
  • b) A need in communication.
  • i) Intonation
  • ___Yes, Madam ?
  • ___ I want a piece of soap.
  • ___ Its going to rain, isnt it ?

12
  • ii) the difference between oral language and
    written language, the distance between sound and
    transcription
  • Pick it up. pi ?i t?p
  • Think it over.
  • You should have told us.
  • Not at all.
  • Did you eat yet?

13
  • c) A need for further study
  • 2.Ways to learn phonetics
  • more practice
  • more listening
  • more imitations
  • to know the basic rules (how each sound is
    formed, stress, linking, rhythm, pauses,
    intonation and etc.)

14
  • 3.Standard English pronunciation
  • English The most widely used language in the
    world ( one billion people speak English. 4
    hundred million speak it as their first language.
    6 hundred people speak it as a second or a
    foreign language. )
  • English as native language in countries British,
    America, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, South
    Africa, Australia
  • English as second language in countries China
  • English as official language in India,
    Singapore, the Philippines, Ghana
  • English as working language in the United
    Nations
  • Permanent members UK, China, France, USA, Russia

15
  • Its pronunciation varies in different
    geographical areas, so it has dialects and
    accents, such as General American (GA), General
    British (GB)
  • RP (received pronunciation) based on the London
    dialect, used by educated people in southern
    England, used by the announcers of BBC, also
    widely used through English-speaking countries.
    So, it has been accepted everywhere for the
    teaching of English to foreigners.

16
  • 4. Basic sounds phonetic transcription
  • Basic sound the smallest phonetic unit of
    language
  • Eg. Sea / ??/ composed of 2 sounds /?/
    /?/
  • The functions of basic sounds
  • a) distinguish word meaning
  • Eg. Bed bad bid
  • b) distinguish grammatical form
  • E g. Man men work works

17
  • Basic sounds are distinctive.
  • Any language has a vast number of speech sounds,
    yet basic sound are limited in number. In English
    there are 44 basic sounds in all.

18
  • Phonetic Transcription
  • 26 English letters 44 basic sounds
  • letters basic sounds
  • a) one sound spelt in different ways
  • /?/ read sea people machine believe receive
    we key quay
  • b) same spelling, different pronunciations
  • bough, although cough enough through brought
  • c) silent letters
  • climb knot autumn island

19
  • d) same spelling, different meanings, different
    pronunciations
  • desert desert lead lead bow bow tear
    tear
  • e) words spelt in different ways have the same
    pronunciation
  • piece peace knot not site cite sea see

20
  • 5. International Phonetic Alphabet
  • Characteristics each symbol represents one
    sound and not any other
  • One sound must be represented by one symbol /?/
    /?/
  • 6. Two types of transcription
  • Broad transcription uses a simple set of
    symbols just to represent the phonemes of a
    language without ambiguity
  • Narrow transcription uses symbol and
    diacritics to denote particular allophones of
    phonemes

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