India, Pakistan, and Gandhi

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India, Pakistan, and Gandhis Legacy
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WWII and India

• British used the Indians armed forces without
  consulting the colonys elected representatives
• Led to a campaign of noncooperation with the
  British (led by Mohandas Gandhi)
• At the same time
• Conflict between Indias Muslims (primarily part
  of the Muslim League) and Hindus (primarily part
  of the Congress Party)
• Could not agree on how to rule India after given
  self-rule

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Gandhi

• Studied and practiced law in South Africa
• Why were many Indian people living in South
  Africa?
• Moved back to India, joined the National Congress
  and started campaigning to help the poor and
  underserved in India
• alleviation of the poor
• liberation of Indian women
• brotherhood amongst differing religions and
  ethnicites
• an end to untouchability (caste discrimination)
• Swaraj - the independence of India from foreign
  domination
• Disobedience of the Salt Tax (1930s)

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Photograph 1 Women at Salt march, April 1930
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Photograph 2 Sarojani Naidu (lower right) (first
woman governor and president of National
Congress) accompanying Gandhi on Salt March,
March-April, 1930
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Photograph 3 Manufacturing contraband salt at
the beach in Madras
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Photograph 4 Gandhi at Dandi, South Gujarat,
picking salt on the beach at the end of the Salt
March, 5 April 1930
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Photograph 6 Women bringing brine to salt pans
in Vile Parle Camp, Bombay during the civil
disobedience movement, 1930
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WWII leads to Partition

• Britain needed to liquidate its colonies after
  loosing money in WWII
• Rioting and wars between the Hindus and the
  Muslims led to the idea of dividing India
• North would be given to Muslims, Central and
  South given to Hindus
• In 1947 the Indian subcontinent was divided into
  India and Pakistan
• Over 10 million people were moved around

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Conflicts after Partition

• Religious tensions
• Muslims and Hindus were the majority
• Muslims moving into India were killed, Hindus
  moving into Pakistan were killed
• What about the Sikhs?
• Killed if they tried to move into the new India
  or Pakistan, but had no where to go
• Estimated that over a million were killed! What
  is there to celebrate? I see nothing but rivers
  of blood Gandhi
• Kashmir
• Hindu ruler, but Muslim majority
• Led to warfare that was put to an end in 1949 by
  UN Cease Fire Agreement
• East and West Pakistan
• Divisions and disunity
• War broke out in 1971
• Nation of Bangladesh was created

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Gandhis Legacy in India

• Helped to end British rule in India .
• India has self-rule and is a democracy.

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Democracy In India

• India is a democratic
• republic.
• India has a parliamentary
• system.
• Largest democracy in
• the world.
• India has population of over 1 billion (20 of
  world)
• US population is 330 million.

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India Today

• Conflict with Pakistan
• Kashmir is disputed region
• 7.7 million people live in Kashmir
• Ruled by both India Pakistan.

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India Today

• In Kashmir
• 70 are Muslim but others
• include Hindus, Sikhs and
• Buddhists.
• Kashmir is separated by a Line-of-Control (LOC or
  cease-fire line).
• India is now deploying more than 700,000 troops
  to quell the Freedom Movement
• Both India and Pakistan have nuclear weapons and
  the situation is very tense.

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Legacy of Gandhi in the World

• nonviolence non-cooperation
• Nelson Mandela
• end of apartheid in South Africa
• Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Civil rights movt in the US in 1950s-1960s
• Rosa Parks
• Began Birmingham Boycott by nonviolent
  non-cooperation
• Still revered as Mahatma, or Great Soul