Government

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Government
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What is it?

• Government
• To rule, control, direct.

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Why do we need Government?
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??Potential Problems with Government??

• ABSOLUTE POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTLEY.
• Favoritism
• Strongest rule
• Smartest rule
• Mistreat Minority or Tyranny of Majority

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Purpose of Government

• Make Laws
• Enforce Laws
• Provides Services
• Plan for the Future
• Ensure Justice

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Making Laws

• Laws should be
• Fair
• Make sense
• Equal for all
• Flexible
• Written down
• Law makers are called Legislatures

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Enforce Laws

• Law enforcers should
• Understand the law
• Carry out or execute the law
• Law enforcers are called Executives

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Provide Services

• Services things people cant provide for
  themselves by themselves
• Services include
• Roads
• National Defense
• Education
• Post Office
• Parks

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Plan for the Future

• Manage the Economy
• Creating Budgets to collect and spend money
• Conduct foreign relations
• Set Public Policy a course of action to achieve
  goals

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Ensure Justice

• Court system
• Punish the guilty
• Protect rights of all
• Understand and approve of the laws
• Courts systems are called Judicial

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Types of Government

• Dictatorships
• Totalitarian Regimes
• Monarchy
• Theocracy
• Democracy
• Republic

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Defining these governments

• Dictatorships-one person or a small group is in
  control of the society
• (formerly Iraq)
• Cuba
• Totalitarian regime-total control of all aspects
  of peoples lives.

• Monarchy-king or Queen control the society
  control by one
• Old England
• Theocracy-Government is controlled by religious
  group.
• Iran, Iraq, Israel

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Defining these governments

• Democracy all voting age citizens have an equal
  say

• Republic people have control over the
  government and elect officials are chosen by the
  people.

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Democracy

• Government of the people, by the people, for the
  people. (Abe Lincoln)
• OF- comes from citizens
• By-citizens run it
• For-it has the peoples best interest in mind

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Characteristics of Democracy

• Freedom, Choice, Change, Tolerance
• Best way to recognize a democracy is to see if
  they have free, fair and open elections.
• Majority Rule 51 decide

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Two types of Democracy

• Direct
• All citizens have an equal voice
• All citizens meet, debate and vote
• U.S. President

• Representative
• Choose someone to represent the community, or
  group.
• U.S. Legislature

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Where do we get the idea of democracy?
England
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Post-Lecture Discussion
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Post lecture group discussion procedure

• Raise hand to
• respond to a question
• ask a question
• share relevant information
• Make positive comments

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Q A
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Questions

• In a democracy who should be able to vote?
• Who should be able to rule or be in government?
• How long should they be able to rule?
• What services should the government provide?
• Are their any problems with Majority Rule?
• What could the minority do to get change?

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Early U.S. History

• Magna Carta Revolution

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Goals

• 1.2 Analyze the development of ideas about
  self-government in British North America (13
  colonies).
• 1.3 Examine the Causes of the American
  Revolution
• 1.4 Elaborate on the emergence of an American
  Identity.

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World to US History

• Greeks use democracy
• Male non slave citizens voted
• Declaring war
• Ratifying treaties
• Romans take over and use Caesars
• Rome makes Christianity official religion in 393
  AD
• Christendom all over Europe

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The Church and Kings Rule

• Feudalism (Power to the King)
• Magna Carta 1215
• Parliament 1300
• Popes rules the church the church rules the Kings
  (Power to the church)

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Big Events

• Exploration 1400
• Reformation 1500-1600
• Martin Luther challenges the churches teaching
  and authority
• Creates Protestantism
• Enlightenment Philosophers 1600-1700
• Challenge political systems

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The Enlightenment Period

• Movement
• away from church control
• away from monarchy control
• Movement
• toward individual freedom
• toward new thoughts and ideas

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The Enlightenment Philosophers
Rousseau
John Locke
Montesquieu
Believed in the Social Contract between the
government and the people
Believed that government should be divided into 3
components legislative, executive and judicial
Believed that men had natural rights and should
be allowed to govern themselves.
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Bringing England to America

• Exploration leads to Colonization

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England
France
Spain
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England
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European Economics

• Mercantilism-economic approach of exporting more
  than you import.
• Find raw materials
• Colonize area
• Use colonies to send raw materials back home
• Manufacture raw materials back home
• MOTHER COUNTRY GETS RICH

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Assessment

• Predict the effects of Magna Carta, parliament,
  feudalism, the reformation, and the
  enlightenment on the shaping of American
  Government?
• Explain who should be able to rule or be in
  government and when do they loose this right?
• Discuss the problems with absolute power?
• List at least two services should the government
  provide for its people?
• List any problems with majority rule?
• How will your websites be useful to you?

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Bringing England to America

• Colonization
• Self - Government
• VA House of Burgesses
• Mayflower Compact
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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VA House of Burgesses

• Jamestown was 1st permanent English settlement in
  North America (1607)
• VA established on a Charter to the Virginia
  Company
• Governor was leader and had 22 elected people
  burgesses from each county to advise the
  governor (1619)

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Mayflower Compact

• Plymouth, Mass (1620)
• Pilgrims
• All signed a compact (Social Contract)
• All would participate in the lawmaking decisions
• Town meetings(Direct Democracy).

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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• First written Constitution
• All land owning males to elect a legislature
  which in turn would choose a governor.
• Governments power came from the people (consent
  of the governed)
• will of the majority.

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Self-Government

• Colonist lived 3,000 miles away from England
• England allowed colonial governments to
• Write Constitutions
• Elected executives and legislatures
• Established courts
• Have their own militia (armies)
• 1620-1760s 140 years of freedom

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Policy of Salutary Neglect

• Benefits England to leave colonist alone
• Cost money to pay for law enforcement
• Cost money to pay for troops to protect
• Who cares what they do as long as they send cheap
  raw materials
• No restrictions and they will flourish

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Causes of the American Revolution
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Long-Term Causes

• Mercantilism
• Habit of Self-Government
• Salutary Neglect

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Short-Term Causes

• French and Indian War
• Acts of Parliament and the King
• Stamp Act, Quartering Act, Declaratory Act,
  Townsend Act, Coercive Act
• Colonist Reactions to Acts
• Boston Massacre
• Boston Tea Party
• Thomas Paines Common Sense

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French and Indian War

• French and Indians fight the Colonist
• French and Indians vs. Great Britain (England)
• Very costly for England
• 3,000 miles to send troops, navy, bullets, etc
• Great Britain wins
• Proclamation of 1763 dont go past Appalachian
  mountain ridge

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction

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British Action

• Who should pay for the war debt?
• Parliament and the King say the COLONIST ONLY
• Begin taxing the colonist
• Stamp Act (Law)
• Taxes colonist mail
• Affects all regions of the colonies from North to
  South

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Make Colonist pay for the War, Issue STAMP ACT
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Colonist Reaction

• Boycott refuse to listen
• No taxation without representation \
• Organize
• Stamp Act Congress ( meeting)

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Make Colonist pay for the War, Issue STAMP ACT BOYCOTT and ORGANIZE
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British Action

• Quartering Act
• British troops to stay in colonist homes with out
  consent (approval)
• Navigation Act
• Stop all colonial trade with other nations
• Put agents at ports and on ships

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Make Colonist pay for the War, Issue STAMP ACT Quartering Navigations Act BOYCOTT and ORGANIZE
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Colonist Reaction

• Organize
• Sons of Liberty
• Tarred and Feathered agents and threw them
  overboard

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Make Colonist pay for the War, Issue STAMP ACT Quartering Navigations Act BOYCOTT and ORGANIZE Sons of Liberty
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British Action

• Declaratory Act
• Parliament has the right to tax and make
  decisions for the colonies.
• Writs of assistance
• British officers could summon for help and search
  any home.

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Stamp Act Quartering Navigations Act Declaratory Act BOYCOTT and ORGANIZE Sons of Liberty
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Colonist Reaction

• Organize
• Committees of Correspondence
• 1st Continental Congress
• Philly, PA-
• delegates meet to send George III a letter
  demanding rights be restored and boycott goods.

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Stamp Act Quartering Navigations Act Declaratory Act BOYCOTT and ORGANIZE Sons of Liberty 1st Continental Congress in PA
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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Stamp Act Quartering Navigation Act Declaratory Act Townsend and Tea Acts BOYCOTT and ORGANIZE Sons of Liberty 1st Continental Congress in PA
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British Action

• Townsend Acts or Duties
• Taxes on goods imported to colonies.
• Tea Act-
• Parliament lowers tax on British tea crippling
  other tea companies.

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Stamp Act Quartering Navigation Act Declaratory Act Townsend and Tea Acts BOYCOTT and ORGANIZE Sons of Liberty 1st Continental Congress in PA Boston Tea Party and Massacre
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Colonist Reaction

• Boston Massacre-
• protesting tax and harassing collectors. Brits
  shot and killed 5
• Boston Tea Party-
• dumping of tea into Boston Harbor

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Stamp Act Quartering Navigation Act Declaratory Act Townsend and Tea Acts Coercive Acts Lexington and Concord Battle BOYCOTT and ORGANIZE Sons of Liberty 1st Continental Congress in PA Boston Tea Party and Massacre
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British Action

• Coercive Acts.
• Colonists call them the Intolerable Acts.
• Trial by jury-gone.
• Pay for the tea.
• Send Troops
• 1st Battle of Lexington and Concord

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Colonist Reaction

• 2nd Congress-
• should we declare independence?
• formed a confederation to fight

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Chart the Events
British Action Colonist Reaction
Stamp Act Quartering Navigation Act Declaratory Act Townsend and Tea Acts Coercive Acts Lexington and Concord Battle BOYCOTT and ORGANIZE Sons of Liberty 1st Continental Congress in PA Boston Tea Party and Massacre V 2nd Continental Congress Declare Independence
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Who influenced the Declaration of Independence?

• Thomas Paine-wrote Common Sense-
• wanted immediate independence from England
• January 10, 1776
• It is ridiculous and against natural law for an
  island to rule a continent.
• Tis time to part
• !

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Declaration of Independence

• Reasons for the Declaration of Independence
• Ideals in the Declaration of Independence
• Writer and content

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Reasons

• Gives people a reason to fight
• Get help from other nations
• We are a new nationrougher, simpler, less
  refined. We are a new race of people and we
  require a new nation.
• Ben Franklin

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Ideals

• All men are created equal
• Governments get their power from the consent of
  the governed.
• The government and the people enter into a social
  contract.
• When governments become destructive, the people
  can alter or abolish it, and institute a new
  government

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Writer

• Declaration Committee
• Thomas Jefferson Main writer
• July 4, 1776

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M E R C A N T I L I S M
HABIT OF SELF-GOVERNMENT
SALUTARY NEGLECT
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FRQ

• There were many causes that led to the Revolution
  between the colonies and the British (English).
  Identify two long-term reasons (2 points) and
  explain how those reasons created a new American
  identity (2points). Then list (5points) and
  describe (5points) five short term reasons that
  the colonies grew even more angry with England.

14A 13A 12 A- 11B 10B 9B 8B- 7C 6C 5
C- 4D 3D 2D- 1F 0FFF