An Army Like No Other:The Roman Army: The Roman Legions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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An Army Like No Other:The Roman Army: The Roman Legions

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Title: An Army Like No Other:The Roman Army Author: Preferred Customer Last modified by: Preferred Customer Created Date: 10/22/2006 5:17:54 AM Document presentation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: An Army Like No Other:The Roman Army: The Roman Legions


1
An Army Like No OtherThe Roman Army The Roman
Legions
  • The Roman Legion
  • Military TrainingThe Art Of War
  • The Roman Navy

2
The Roman Legion
  • Army was comprised of professional soldiers who
    were Roman citizens
  • Pay and retirement prospects entice enlistment
  • Non-citizens were promised citizenship after 20
    years of loyal service
  • Also received choice of land or money when
    soldiers retired

3
The Roman Legion
  • Roman soldiers swore loyalty to Rome and emperor
  • Loyalty to emperor was reinforced through
    holidays recognizing emperors
  • Men who served were in fact loyal to Rome and its
    ideals

4
The Roman Legion
  • A legion was made up of 5,400-6,000 men
  • Centurion commanded 80 men (century)
  • A cohort was made up of 6 centuries (480 men)
  • 10 cohorts made a legion that was supported with
    a cavalry unit and engineers
  • Majority of legions protected Roman frontier
    (borders)

5
The Roman Legion
  • Emperors had to work at maintaining loyalty of
    army
  • Officers received appointments through the
    emperor (received prestige, status, connections
    and wealth)
  • Generals were moved like chess pieces within
    empire to avoid loyalty from men
  • Men more loyal to leadership than emperor

6
Military TrainingThe Art Of War
  • Military training was rigorous and involved
    marching and military training
  • Extensive training in various weapons and
    formations
  • Responsible for constructing forts, bridges,
    roads and protective walls
  • Maintain constant presence in conquered
    territories

7
Military TrainingThe Art Of War
  • The army was oppressive in territories and
    carried out numerous massacres populations of
    civilians
  • Enslaved enemies who were sent back to Rome
  • Generals benefited from slave auctions through
    connections

8
Military TrainingThe Art Of War
  • Auxiliaries were men from conquered territories
    who received similar training like Romans
  • Majority served as archers or as horse archers
  • Granted citizenship after 25 years and were paid
    lower wages than Roman troops
  • Stationed in along frontiers away from home
    countries

9
Military TrainingThe Art Of War
  • Roman ballista were heavy weapons that launched
    stone balls, large arrows and multiple arrows
  • Used for sieges and protection of fixed positions
    also found on naval warships
  • Julius Caesar introduced them during invasion of
    Britian 55 B.C.

10
The Roman Navy
  • Main responsibility was to combat piracy and
    support army operations
  • Protected seas travel by Roman vessels
  • Comprised of warships, transports and smaller
    ships
  • Triremes was main warship based on a Greek design

11
The Roman Navy
  • Navy did not have slaves rowing oars
  • All were soldiers and were recruited roman
    citizens and/or freemen
  • Had marines who boarded enemy ships
  • The total strength of 40,000 men

12
The Roman Legion
  • Cavalry units were called milliaries that
    consisted of 800 men
  • Auxiliaries were not equipped like regular
    cavalry
  • Cavalry had variety of weapons
  • Javelin
  • Spears
  • Lance
  • Shields
  • Bow

13
Roman Defeats and Victories
  • Battle of Lake Trasimene 217 B.C. Hannibal lures
    a Roman army into ambush trapping them between
    Hannibals army and a lake 30,000 killed
  • Battle of Cannae 216 B.C. Rome loses 50,000 men
    to Hannibals feint which led to them being
    surrounded and crushed

14
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15
Roman Defeats and Victories
  • Battle Of Zama 202 B.C. Scipio Africanus takes
    out Hannibals elephants by funneling them
    through his formation and killing 20,000 men
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