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Cycles of Matter

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Title: ECOLOGY STUDY GUIDE Author: Type your name here Created Date: 4/25/2000 12:17:36 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) Company – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cycles of Matter


1
Cycles of Matter
  • Chapter 3 The Biosphere
  • Section 3-3 pages 74-80

2
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES-connecting the biological,
geological, and chemical aspects of the biosphere
Matter Statement
  • Matter within ecosystems is recycled within and
    between ecosystems

3
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
  • Cycle - water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen other
    elements cycle from the abiotic (geo nonliving
    environment) to biotic (bio living organisms)
    then back to the environment.
  • Simply put, biogeochemical cycles pass the same
    molecules around again and again within the
    biosphere.

4
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
  • Most element cycles have an atmospheric bank
    where the element is found in large amounts.

5
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
  • Elements move from the bank into organisms.
  • Organisms release elements in daily activities
    or after death.
  • Decomposers (or combustion or erosion) break down
    organic matter.
  • What is the result of their actions?

6
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
  • Three example cycles
  • Water
  • Carbon (carbon-oxygen)
  • Nitrogen

7
WATER CYCLE
  • evaporation heating of water from liquid to
    atmospheric gas.
  • condensation cooling of water from vapor to
    tiny droplets that form clouds.
  • precipitation droplets too large to be
    contained in clouds and water returns to earth as
    rain, snow, or hail.
  • transpiration evaporation of water from leaves
    of plants.
  • runoff excess water from precipitation that
    comes from streams and rivers and carried to
    oceans and lakes.
  • accumulation collection of water on earth.

8
Refer to Figure 3-11, page 75
Accumulation
http//ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclesummary.htm
l
9
CARBON CYCLE
  • The exchange of gases during photosynthesis and
    respiration is a major example of the
    living-nonliving cycle of carbon-oxygen.

10
CARBON CYCLE
  • How does carbon enter the living part of the
    cycle?

CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
  • CO2 H2O ----gt C6H12O6 O2

11
CARBON CYCLE
  • Carbon is returned to the atmosphere environment
    by
  • cellular respiration
  • erosion
  • combustion
  • decomposition

12
CARBON CYCLE
  • respiration process where organisms obtain
    energy from breakdown of glucose.
  • photosynthesis plants use light energy (sun) to
    make glucose.
  • decomposition breakdown of dead organic matter.
  • combustion burning of fossil fuels (gas,
    petroleum, coal) which release CO2 into
    atmosphere.
  • erosion runoff of soil into body of water

13
Carbon Cycle Refer to Figure 3-13, page 77
http//www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/images/c
arboncycle.jpg
14
NITROGEN CYCLE
  • 79 of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas but it is
    in a form most living things cannot use.

15
NITROGEN CYCLE
  • If we cant take in free nitrogen, how do we
    acquire it so we can use it in our bodies?
  • Why do we need nitrogen in our bodies?

16
NITROGEN CYCLE
  • How do we acquire usable nitrogen?
  • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen into
    nitrates.
  • Plants absorb nitrates.
  • Animals eat plants.

17
NITROGEN CYCLE
  • How does the nitrogen return to the atmosphere?
  • Denitrifying bacteria convert the nitrates back
    into nitrogen.

18
NITROGEN CYCLE
  • Why do we need nitrogen?

?
19
NITROGEN CYCLESimplified
Free N2 in Atmosphere
NITRATES
20
NITROGEN CYCLESimplified
  • free N2 bank atmosphere
  • nitrogen fixation conversion of atmospheric
    nitrogen to ammonia
  • nitrates converted form of nitrogen from
    atmosphere.
  • organisms living things
  • organic material components of living things
    made of C, H, O, N
  • denitrification ammonia and nitrates converted
    to nitrogen and released back into atmosphere

21
Refer to Figure 3-14, page 78
N2 in Atmosphere
NO3- NO2-
NH3
22
All Cycles Are Related
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