Herbicide Control Treatments for Invasive Grasses, Ferns, and Forbs

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Herbicide Control Treatments for Invasive
Grasses, Ferns, and Forbs

• Wilson H. Faircloth
• Southern Regional Workshop
• Terrestrial Plant Invasions in the Temperate
  South
• June 4-5, 2003

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Application Equipment for Grasses, Ferns, and
Forbs
Right-of-way sprayer
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Application Equipment for Grasses, Ferns, and
Forbs
ATV-mounted boom sprayer
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Application Equipment for Grasses, Ferns, and
Forbs
ATV-mounted boomless sprayer
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Application Equipment for Grasses, Ferns, and
Forbs
Backpack and handheld sprayers
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Before we get started.

• Application info
• 1 solution 4 fluid ounces per 3 gallons of mix
• 2 solution 8 fluid ounces per 3 gallons of mix

• Glyphosate
• Roundup Pro
• Gly-Pro
• Gly-4
• Accord
• Glyfos
• Rodeo
• Honcho

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Grasses

• Giant Reed
• Tall Fescue
• Cogongrass
• Nepalese Browntop
• Chinese Silvergrass
• Bamboo

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Giant ReedArundo donax
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Giant ReedArundo donax

• Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the
  following herbicides in water with a surfactant
• glyphosate 2 solution
• Arsenal AC 1 solution
• tank-mix combination of the above
• Timing
• September - October
• multiple applications necessary if regrowth
  occurs
• Non-target plants may be killed or injured
  through root uptake.

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Tall FescueLolium arundinaceum
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Tall FescueLolium arundinaceum

• Non-cropland
• 10-12 dry oz Plateau per 20 gal (per acre)
• Plateau Arsenal AC or glyphosate
• Graminicides
• Sethoxydim (Vantage, Poast)
• Quizalofop (Assure)
• Clethodim (Select)
• Forested Land
• glyphosate 5 solution
• Arsenal AC 1 solution
• May be useful on pastures, but more costly
  than Plateau mixes.

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Tall FescueLolium arundinaceum

• Timing
• spring
• multiple applications necessary if regrowth
  occurs
• Burning
• early spring
• prior to herbicide treatment
• encourages native warm-season grasses

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CogongrassImperata cylindrica
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Potential Spread!!
Infested States
Eradication Programs in Place
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Management of I. Cylindrica-What works-

• Multiple applications of glyphosate
• 1-5 solution (2-4 lb ai/A)
• Arsena AC, Chopper
• 2 solution (0.125-0.25 lb ai/A)
• Tank-mix combination of above
• Tillage in combination with above
• Seeding in competing vegetation
• Bahiagrass
• Crimson Clover
• Intense Mowing????

• Timing
• Sept - Oct.
• Fall treatment may suppress flowering the
  following spring.
• Early spring treatment of glyphosate suppresses
  seed production.

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Management of I. Cylindrica-What DOES NOT work-

• Burning
• Grazing
• Graminicides
• Fluazifop (Fusilade, Fulisade DX, Fusion)
• Sethoxydim (Poast, Poast Plus, Vantage)
• Clethodim (Select)

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Management of I. CylindricaContainer-Grown
Ornamentals

• Trade Name Active Ingredient(s)
• Rout oxyfluorfenoryzalin
• OH-2 oxyfluorfenpendimethalin
• Ronstar oxadiazon
• Snapshot trifluralinisoxaben
• Corral, Pendulum pendimethalin
• Treflan trifluralin
• RegalKade, Barricade prodiamine
• Regal O-O oxyfluorfenoxadiazon
• Kanse oxadiazonprodiamine
• RegalStar oxadiazonprodiamine
• Surflan oryzalin
• Broadstar, SureGard flumioxazin
• Courtesy John Olive, Alabama Ag. Exp. Sta.
• Ornamental Horticulture Station, Mobile

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Management of I. CylindricaBiological Control

• Fungus Bipolaris sacchari
• Suppressed Cogongrass growth in 4 weeks
• Some mortality
• Increased activity when mixed with Drechslera
  gigantea
• Courtesy R. Charudattan,
• Dept. of Plant Pathology,
• Univ. of Florida, Gainesville

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Nepalese BrowntopMicrostegium vimineum
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Nepalese BrowntopMicrostegium vimineum

• Non-selective control
• glyphosate 2 solution
• Finale / Rely see label
• Selective control - less impact on associated
  plants
• Vantage / Poast see label
• Mechanical controls
• Mowing / pulling prior to seed set in Sept.
• Burning has no effect

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Chinese silvergrassMiscanthus sinensis
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Chinese silvergrassMiscanthus sinensis

• Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the
  following herbicides in water with a surfactant
• glyphosate 2 solution
• Arsenal AC 1 solution
• tank-mix combination of the above
• Timing
• September - October
• multiple applications necessary if regrowth occurs

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BambooPhyllostachys spp Bambusa spp.
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BambooPhyllostachys spp Bambusa spp.

• Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the
  following herbicides in water with a surfactant
• glyphosate 2 solution
• Arsenal AC 1 solution
• tank-mix combination of the above
• Cut just above ground-level and treat stems with
  double strength solution of same herbicides above
• Timing
• September - October
• multiple applications necessary if regrowth occurs

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Ferns

• Japanese Climbing Fern

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Japanese Climbing FernLygodium japonicum
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Japanese Climbing FernLygodium japonicum

• Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the
  following herbicides in water with a surfactant
• glyphosate, Garlon 3A, Garlon 4 2 solution
• Arsenal AC 1 solution
• Escort 1-2 dry oz per acre
• Timing
• July - October
• multiple applications necessary if regrowth occurs

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Forbs

• Garlic Mustard
• Lespedezas
• Tropical Soda Apple

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Garlic MustardAlliaria petiolata
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Garlic MustardAlliaria petiolata

• To control two generations thoroughly wet all
  leaves with
• glyphosate 2 solution at flowering (Apr. -
  Jun.)
• Include surfactant unless near surface
  waters.
• Basagran 0.5-1.0 lb ai/A
• Low impact on native grasses and little to no
  effect on other native herbs.
• 2,4-D dicamba
• Garlon 3A 7.5 oz / 5 gal water

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Garlic MustardAlliaria petiolata

• Other types of control
• Where herbicides cannot be used, hand-pull prior
  to seed formation
• Mowing should be done at full bloom to prevent
  seed formation
• Repeated annual burns in the fall or early spring
  will control this plant
• Flame cultivation
• Use extreme caution

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Shrubby lespedeza Lespedeza bicolorChinese
lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata
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Shrubby lespedeza Lespedeza bicolorChinese
lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata

• Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the
  following herbicides in water with surfactant
• Garlon 4 2 solution
• Escort 3/4 oz per acre
• Transline 0.2 solution
• glyphosate 2 solution
• Velpar 2 solution
• Starane / Vista 1 solution
• Timing
• July - September
• Mowing prior to treatment may increase control

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Tropical Soda AppleSolanum viarum
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Tropical Soda AppleSolanum viarum

• Thoroughly wet leaves and stems with one of the
  following herbicides in water with surfactant
• Non-cropland Garlon 4
• Arsenal AC
• Pastures Remedy 2 solution
• glyphosate 3 solution
• Collect and destroy (burn) fruit to prevent
  reestablishment. If mowed, wait 50-60 days to
  ensure adequate regrowth before applying herbicide

2 solution
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THANKS!! www.auburn.edu/faircwh www.ag.auburn.edu
/ay/weedsci/