The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition
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Unit XII The Classical Symphony
I frequently compare a symphony with a novel in
which the themes are characters. After we have
made their acquaintance, we follow their
evolution, the unfolding of their
psychology. Arthur Honegger
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34. The Nature of the Symphony

• Historical Background
• Origins in Italian opera overture
• 3 part form
• Standard ideas including Mannheim traits
• Rocket themes
• Steamroller effects

Mozart Symphony No. 40, IV
Beethoven Wellingtons Victory
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The Classical Orchestra

• 3040 players

Mozart Symphony No. 40, I
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The Movements of the Symphony

• I fast
• II slow
• III moderate
• IV fast

Mozart Symphony No. 40, I
Beethoven Symphony No. 7, II
Haydn Sym. No. 94 (Surprise), III
Mozart Symphony No. 40, IV
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I. The First Movement

• Sonata-allegro form / first-movement form /
  sonata form

A
B
A
Development
Exposition (repeated)
Recapitulation
Closing Theme
Theme II
Bridge
Theme II
Theme I
Closing Theme
Bridge
Coda
Unstable, Building tension
Theme I
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II. The Second Movement

• Form options
• three-part form (A-B-A)
• theme and variations
• modified sonata-allegro
• Tempo
• Largo
• Adagio
• Andante
• In contrasting key
• Lyrical mood

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The Second Movement (II)Theme and Variations

• Change of key
• Melodic variation
• Harmonic variation
• Rhythmic variation
• Meter, texture, dynamics, and timbre
  variations

Greensleeves
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III. The Third Movement

• Form
• Minuet and trio
• Tempo
• Moderate
• Triple meter
• Later Scherzo

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The Third Movement (III)
Minuet/Trio
A
B
A
Minuet
Trio
Minuet
a b c d a
b
alternate
a b -a
(Rounded Binary)

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IV. The Fourth Movement

• Form options
• Sonata-allegro
• Rondo
• Tempo
• Allegro molto
• Presto finale
• Fast and light
• Folk-dance character

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The Fourth Movement (IV)

• Rondo
• Form
• A-B-A-B-A, or
• A-B-A-C-A, or
• A-B-A-C-A-B-A, etc.

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition
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35. Haydn and the Symphony
Can you see the notes behave like waves? Up and
down they go! Look, you can also see the
mountains. You have to amuse yourself sometimes
after being serious so long. Joseph Haydn
iMusic Example Haydns Symphony No. 100 II
Joseph Haydn 1732-1809
Classical Era 1725-1825
1720 1730
1740 1750
1760 1770
1780 1790
1800 1810
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Joseph Haydn (17321809)

• Austrian composer
• Folk song and dance
• St. Stephens Cathedral in Vienna
• Esterházy Patronage
• Esterháza
• Two successful trips to England
• Died in 1809

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Haydns Music

• String quartet
• 100-plus symphonies
• London Symphonies
• Masses, oratorios

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Haydn Symphony No. 94 (Surprise)

• London Symphony
• 40-member orchestra

III Allegro molto, minuet form G major
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Haydn Symphony No. 94 (Surprise)(Listening
Guide)
Slow introduction I Vivace assai,
sonata-allegro form

• II Andante (slower tempo), theme and variations
• Theme in C major
• Staccato
• Repeated pianissimo
• Four variations
• Coda

Listening Guide PDF
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Haydn Symphony No. 94 (Surprise)(Listening
Guide)
III Allegro molto tempo, minuet form G
major, high-spirited and folklike Captures the
charm and humor of folk dance IV Allegro molto,
sonata-allegro form
III Allegro molto, minuet form G major
Listening Guide PDF
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition
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36. Beethoven and the Symphony in Transition

• Ludwig van Beethoven (17701827)
• German composer and pianist
• Musical family
• Unhappy childhood
• Court musician
• Played piano for Mozart in Vienna
• Welcomed to Vienna
• Treated as equal, not as a servant

Freedom above all!
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
Classical Era 1725-1825
1730
1740 1750
1760 1770
1780 1790
1800 1810 1820
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36. Beethoven and the Symphony in Transition

• Modified patronage
• Concert life and music publishing
• Hearing loss
• Eccentric genius
• Died at age 57, famous and revered
• Theory of cause of death lead poisoning

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Beethovens Music

• Three compositional periods
• 1st Early career
• 2nd Middle career, more Romantic
• 3rd Late career, introspective, chromatic
  harmonies

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Symphonies

• Nos. 1 and 2, Classical in style
• No. 3, Eroica, mature style
• Napoleon dedication
• Nos. 5 and 7, exhibit universal appeal
• No. 9, Choral Symphony
• Schillers Ode to Joy

Symphony No. 7, II
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Concertos, Piano Sonatas, Chamber Music, and
Vocal Music
Contributed to many genres
Beethoven Piano Sonata No. 8 in c, (Pathétique), I
Beethoven, Serenade in D, Op. 8, I
Beethoven Quartet in String F, Op. 59, No. 1, I
Beethoven King Stephan, Op. 117, final chorus
Heil unsern Enkeln!
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Beethoven Symphony No. 5 in C minor

• Rhythmic idea three shorts and a long dominates
  entire work

• Cyclical form, SSSL recurs in all movements
• Tonality shifts from C minor to C major

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Beethoven Symphony No. 5 in C minor (Listening
Guide)

• I Allegro con brio, sonata-allegro form
• Three shorts and a long dominates the texture
• II Serene double theme and variations
• Recurrence of same rhythmic idea
• III Scherzo and trio
• Rocket theme
• Third and fourth movements linked
• Recurrence of same rhythmic idea
• IV Sonata-allegro form
• Recurrence of same rhythmic idea
• Extended coda

Listening Guide PDF
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