Title: Does Texture Affect Appetite? A Study of Sensory Specific Satiety in College-Aged Males
1Does Texture Affect Appetite? A Study of Sensory
Specific Satiety in College-Aged Males
Project Leader Amelia Keaton
2Humans Exhibit Sensory Specific Satiety
- Novel sensory properties of foods induce satiated
subjects to eat more in a multi-course meal
(Rolls,B.J. 1980) - Model of overeating and weight gain
- Is this a possible method of increasing food
consumption in astronauts who experience a loss
of appetite? -
3Sensory Properties That Affect Food Intake in
Humans
- Portion Size (Rolls, B.J., 2002)
- Palatability (Rolls, B.J. et al, 1982 Rolls,
E.T., 1996) - Taste
- Odor
- Appearance
- Texture?
4Why is this important?
- If we can manipulate the texture of a limited
number of food items, then we can possibly
increase food intake in astronauts.
- This would prove especially important for
long-term space missions and lunar or planetary
colonization.
5Hypothesis
- Hungry subjects fed to satiety on foods of one
texture will eat more of the same foods when
presented as a different texture.
6Methods Meals
- Water (275 mL)
- Unsalted Crackers (4 kcal/g)
- Crushed or Chunked
- Pineapple (0.6 kcal/g)
- Cheese (3.9 kcal/g)
- Peanuts (5.8 kcal/g)
Crushed
Chunked
7Experimental Timeline
Instructions 1) Do not mix food.
2) Drink all water within 15 minute meal.
3) Eat until youve had enough during each
meal. 4) Do not communicate with other
subjects about the food.
8 Subjects
Crush/crush n 19 Crush/chunk n 17 p-value (t-test)
Height (cm) 180.0 1.9 181.2 1.7 0.637
Weight (kg) 80.0 3.3 82.1 3.7 0.676
Age (yr) 19.0 0.3 19.8 0.3 0.075
Body Mass Index (range) 24.3 0.8 20-32 24.9 0.8 20-32 0.567
9Results Meal 1
10Visual Analogue Ratings Meal 1
11Meal 1 Intake (mass)
12Meal 1 Intake (Calories)
13Results Meal 2
or
or
14Visual Analogue Ratings Meal 2
15Meal 2 Intake (mass)
p0.067
16Meal 2 Intake (calories)
17Summary
- Subjects offered a different texture in Meal 2
consumed significantly more mass and calories
than those offered the same texture. - Subjects offered a different texture in Meal 2
rated that meal as more appealing than those
offered a second meal of the same texture.
18Conclusions and Applications
- Humans demonstrate Texture-Specific Satiety.
- Changes in texture of some foods are sufficient
to increase the amount of food consumed in a
multi-course meal. - Since taste and smell are attenuated in space,
manipulations of texture may be especially
effective in promoting food intake.
19Future Directions for Human Studies
- In order to increase food intake, it may be
possible to manipulate the following food
properties while subjects are in a head-down tilt
model of microgravity - Palatability
- Energy density
- Texture
20Acknowledgements
- We would like to thank the Bio250 and Bio 450
research classes at Wofford College for
collecting the preliminary data for experiments
presented today