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Title: No Slide Title Author: kyoung Last modified by: TURKI Created Date: 1/15/1998 6:59:05 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show Company – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: GIS

1
?????
????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???
???? ?????? 428 ??? ????? ???????? ?. ????????
??????? ?2005/8/23 ??? ?????? ????? ?????
????????? ????????? GIS ???? ??? ???????
422000438 ???? ?????? ??????
422000707 422000741 ???? ???? ?? ???
2
?? ?? ??? ????????? ??????????
??????? ??? ????????? ????????? Geographical
Information Systems ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????
????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?
?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????
????? Coordinates .

????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??
??? Systems.
????????? Information.
????????? Geographic.

3
???? ??? ????????? ?????????

???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???
????? ????? ?????? ???.
??? ?????? ?? ??? 1950? 1960 ????? ???????
???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????
????.
????? ??? 1960 ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????
???? ?????????.
??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??
?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????
??????????.
?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????.
???? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???????
???????? ? ??? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????
????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????.
???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? .
??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????
????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????
????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? . ???
??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 1973 ???? ??? 1980.

4
???? ??? ????????? ?????????

????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????
?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????
??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????
???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????
????????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????
?????????
??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? .
???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????
????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????.
????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????
??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????
????.
???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ????
???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????.

5
????? ??? ????????? ?????????

- ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????
???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????
?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????
??????? .
???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???
???. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????????
?????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????
???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????
????? ??? ???? ????.

6
????? ??? ?????????

????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? .
????? ??????? .
??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? .
??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????
????????? ????????? .
????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? .
?????? ??????? ????????? .

7
??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ????
???????

??????????
????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????
???? ??????? ???? .
??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ??
?????? ?????? .
??????? ?????? Retrieving ??? ??? ????????
???????? ??? ?????? .
????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? .
????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ???? ????
??????? ??? .
????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????
?????? .
????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????
.
????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????
?????? ????? ?????? .
??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??
?????? ?????? ??????? .

8
??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ????
???????

?- ????????
?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????
????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??
??????? ?????? .
????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? .
?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????
????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????.
??? ????????? ?????? ????????? .

9
????????? ??? ????????? ?????????

???? ????? ??? ????? .(21)
????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????
????????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ????????
... ???( 18).
????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? (16).
????????? ?? ???????? ???????(9).
??????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?
???????? ??????? ? ??????(9).
??????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????
?????????(6).
?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????(4).

A
10
????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????
1- ??? ??????? ????????? Transportation GIS

???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???
????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????
?? ??????? ???
????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? .
?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????
??????? .
??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????
???????? ??? ???? ?????.
?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ??????
??????? ????????? ??? .
????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ? ????? ???????
??????? .

2- ??? ??????? ??????? Land Information Systems
3- ??? ????????? ????????? Automated
Mapping/Management

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? .
????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? .
????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????
??????? ?? ???????? ??????? .
??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????
????? ?????? ???????.
????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? .

11
GPS

??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????.
?????? ?????? ??????????????.
??????????GPS
????? ?? ???? ????? ??????
1- ??????? ????????
2- ???? ?????? ??????
3- ???? ?????????

12
??????? ????????

????? ??????? ???????? ?? GPS
1- ???? ????? ????? 845 ???? ????
2- ???? ??? ????? ?? 12 ????
3- ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????
20200???? ???.
??? ????? ??????? ????????
1- ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????
??????.
2- ????? ????????? ???????? .

13
??? ??? GPS

??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? GPS
1- ??????? ?????? ??????.
2- ??????? ?????? ??????.
?????? ??? GPS
1- ????? ?????? ??????? ????????.
2- ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.
3- ?????? ??? ????? ?????.
4- ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????.
5- ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????.

14
??????? ???? GPS

??? ??????? .
??????? ?????? .
???? ??????? ???????? .
??????????? ??????? .
????? .
???????.
??? ????? .

15
????? ????? ????????? ?????????
????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????
???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???
????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????
????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????
??????? ????????? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????
?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???
??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???
?????. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???
???????.
16
?? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? GIS

??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??
?????? ??????? ??????? ??.
??? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????
??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????
???? ??
?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??
??????.
?????????.
???????? ??????????.
??????????.
?????????

Procedures
17
????? ??????
1- ????? ???????

????? ??????.
????? ?????? ?????? .
???? ????????.
??????.
????? ????? ??????? GPS

2- ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????
???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????
????????? ?????? ???????? 3- ????? ???????

??????.
???????.
??????.

18
????? ?????????.
?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????
????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?
????? ???????? ???????? ???????? (???????). ? ??
???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????
???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????
??????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????
???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ARC/INFO
??? ???? ????? ????? ???????.
19
????? ???????? ??????????
?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????
????? ?????? ???????? (????????) ??????? ??? ?
?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? . ????
???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
????? ?????????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ???
?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????
???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????
?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ??????
????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???
?????? ??? ??????.
20
??? ????????
21
??????????
???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? 1-
?????? ?????. ??????? ??? ?????. 2-
?????? ???? . ??????? ?????.
22
????? ?????????
?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????
????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?
??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????
????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????. ???? ???
?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????
??? ???????.
23
???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????

???? ??? ??? 1407??
???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????
??????
???????? ??????? ????????????
????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????
????? ??????????
????? ??????

24
???? ??????
http//www.arriyadhmap.com/ ???? ??? 2004?
?????? ????? ??? ??? ????????.
25
???? ??????
http//www.arriyadhmap.com ??? ????? ?? ??????
26
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Title: No Slide Title Author: kyoung Last modified by: TURKI Created Date: 1/15/1998 6:59:05 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show Company – PowerPoint PPT presentation