Chapter Seven

1
Chapter Seven

• Developing Supporting
  Material

2
Chapter Seven

• Table of Contents
• Types of Supporting Material
• Locating Supporting Material
• Organizing and Documenting Source Material
• Critically Evaluating Sources

3
Types of Supporting Material

• Examples
• Narratives
• Testimony
• Facts and Statistics

4
Types of Supporting MaterialExamples

• Illustrations, descriptions, or representations
• brief example- a single illustration of a
  speakers point.
• extended example- multifaceted illustration of an
  idea, item, or event being described.
• hypothetical example- illustration of a point
  made by describing something that could happen in
  the future.

5
Types of Supporting MaterialNarratives

• Stories, both real and imaginative.
• Forms
• fairy tales
• legends
• religious narratives
• myths

6
Types of Supporting MaterialNarratives

• Essential storytelling elements
• plot
• characters
• setting
• timeline
• Anecdote
• short story of an interesting, humorous, or
  real-life incident.

7
Types of Supporting MaterialTestimony

• Firsthand findings, eyewitness accounts, and
  opinions that directly support a fact or an
  assertion.
• expert testimony- by professionals who have been
  trained to evaluate or report on a given topic.
• lay testimony- by non-experts who have witnessed
  or experienced events related to the subject
  under consideration.

8
Types of Supporting MaterialTestimony

• Credibility is key
• The speaker must establish credibility
• establish the reputation of the source.
• cite the sources name, title, and relevance to
  the topic.

9
Types of Supporting MaterialFacts and Statistics

• Facts- documented occurrences that include
  events, dates, times, people, and places.
• Statistics- data expressed in numerical form.
• descriptive statistics- data or information that
  characterize a group or classification.
• inferential statistics- data collected from a
  sample or representative group and generalized to
  a larger population.

10
Locating Supporting Material

• Getting Started
• Primary Research Interviews and Surveys
• Secondary Resources Print, Electronically Stored
  and Online Sources

11
Locating Supporting Material

• primary research- original or firsthand research
  conducted by the speaker.
• secondary research- the vast body of information
  gathered by others.

12
Locating Supporting MaterialGetting Started

• Focus on the purpose of your speech.
• Develop a thesis statement.
• Evaluate resources.
• Decide on research methods.

13
Locating Supporting MaterialPrimary Research
Interviews and Surveys

• Interviews
• planning the questions
• phrasing the questions
• recording the interview
• conducting the interview

• Surveys
• especially useful for topics related to the
  attitudes, values, and beliefs of people in your
  immediate environment.

14
Locating Supporting MaterialSecondary Resources

• Database- a base or place in which information
  is stored, such as books or computers.

15
Locating Supporting MaterialSecondary Resources

• Reference Desk
• Card or Online Catalog
• Books

• Newspapers
• Periodicals
• Encyclopedias

• Books of Quotations
• Poetry Collections
• Atlases

• Almanacs
• Government Publications
• Biographical Resources

16
Organizing and DocumentingSource Material

• Bibliography
• APA Method
• MLA Method
• Chicago Style Method

17
Organizing and DocumentingSource Material

• Elements
• names of authors/editors
• title of publication
• volume or edition number
• name of publisher
• place of publication
• publication date and year
• page numbers

18
Critically Evaluating Sources

• Strive to use original sources
• Developing Conclusions
• Beware of Errors in Data Interpretation

19
Critically Evaluating SourcesDeveloping
Conclusions

• Acknowledge viewpoints when they are relevant.
• Include sufficient quantity and quality of
  evidence to substantiate your claim.

20
Critically Evaluating SourcesDeveloping
Conclusions

• Does the supporting material actually say what
  you think it says?